Hanin Y, Syrjä P
Research Institute for Olympic Sports, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Int J Sports Med. 1995 May;16(4):260-5. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-973002.
Individual patterns of positive-negative affect (PNA) were studied in 25 Olympic level soccer players (age 17-21). Recall idiographic scaling following the methodology of the individual Zones of Optimal Functioning (IZOF) model was used to identify PNA items related to each player's effective and ineffective game performance. Individual zones for each item were then estimated on the Borg's Category Ratio (CR-10) scale. Optimal and non-optimal PNA patterns were revealed in the selection of idiosyncratic items, their intensity ranges and functions. All PNA items were functionally either facilitating (23.1%), debilitating (42.3%), or both (34.6%). Significant differences in PNA content and intensity (zones) were revealed only at intra- and inter-individual but not at the group level. Pre-game negative ineffective affect in successful players anticipated two days before the important tournament deviated more from non-optimal zones than in less successful players. The data support the findings obtained in ice-hockey and extend Hanin's IZOF model to performance PNA in soccer. Implications for idiographic assessments and application of the IZOF model in team sports are suggested.
对25名奥运水平的足球运动员（年龄在17至21岁之间）的正负性情感（PNA）个体模式进行了研究。采用了遵循个体最佳功能区（IZOF）模型方法的回忆式个性化量表，以确定与每位运动员有效和无效比赛表现相关的PNA项目。然后在博格类别比率（CR-10）量表上估计每个项目的个体区域。在特质项目的选择、其强度范围和功能方面揭示了最佳和非最佳的PNA模式。所有PNA项目在功能上要么是促进性的（23.1%），要么是削弱性的（42.3%），要么两者兼具（34.6%）。PNA内容和强度（区域）的显著差异仅在个体内和个体间被揭示，而在群体层面未被揭示。在重要比赛前两天，成功球员赛前的负面无效情感比不太成功的球员更偏离非最佳区域。这些数据支持了在冰球运动中获得的研究结果，并将哈尼的IZOF模型扩展到足球运动中的表现性PNA。提出了个性化评估以及IZOF模型在团队运动中的应用的相关启示。
