University of Wolverhampton , UK.
Research Institute for Olympic Sports , Finland.
J Sports Sci Med. 2005 Dec 1;4(4):382-94. eCollection 2005 Dec.
Psychological states experienced by athletes prior to injured, best and worst performances were investigated retrospectively using a mixed methodology. Fifty-nine athletes volunteered to complete an individualized assessment of performance states based on the Individual Zones of Optimal fFunctioning (IZOF) model. A subsection (n = 30) of participants completed a standardized psychometric scale (Brunel Mood Rating Scale: BRUMS), retrospectively describing how they felt before best, worst, and injured performances. IZOF results showed similar emotion states being identified for injured and best performances. Analysis of BRUMS scores indicated a significant main effect for differences in mood by performance outcome, with post-hoc analyses showing best performance was associated with lower scores on depression and fatigue and higher vigor than injured performance and worst performance. Worst performance was associated with higher fatigue and confusion than injured performance. Results indicate that retrospective emotional profiles before injured performance are closer to successful performance, than unsuccessful, and confirm differences between successful and unsuccessful performance. Qualitative and quantitative approaches used to retrospectively assess pre-performance emotional states before three performance outcomes, produced complimentary findings. Practical implications of the study are discussed. Key PointsPsychological states experienced by athletes prior to injured, best and worst performances were investigated retrospectively using a mixed methodology.Results indicate that retrospective emotional profiles before injured performance are closer to successful performance, than unsuccessful, and confirm differences between successful and unsuccessful performance, a finding that occurred using both methods.Future research should further examine the emotional antecedents of injury and that applied sport psychologists recognize the potential risk of injury associated with emotional profiles typically linked with best performance.
采用混合方法回顾性研究了运动员在受伤、最佳和最差表现前的心理状态。59 名运动员自愿根据个体最佳功能区（IZOF）模型完成了对表现状态的个性化评估。部分参与者（n=30）完成了标准化心理量表（Brunel 情绪评定量表：BRUMS），回顾性描述了他们在最佳、最差和受伤表现前的感受。IZOF 结果表明，受伤和最佳表现的情绪状态相似。BRUMS 评分分析表明，表现结果的情绪差异存在显著的主效应，事后分析表明，最佳表现与抑郁和疲劳得分较低、活力得分较高有关，与受伤表现和最差表现相比。最差表现与疲劳和困惑得分较高有关。结果表明，受伤前表现的回顾性情绪特征与成功表现更接近，而与失败表现不接近，并证实了成功和失败表现之间的差异。用于回顾性评估三种表现结果前的表现前情绪状态的定性和定量方法得出了补充发现。讨论了该研究的实际意义。要点采用混合方法回顾性研究了运动员在受伤、最佳和最差表现前的心理状态。结果表明，受伤前表现的回顾性情绪特征与成功表现更接近，而与失败表现不接近，并证实了成功和失败表现之间的差异，这一发现同时使用了两种方法。未来的研究应进一步探讨受伤的情绪前因，以及应用运动心理学家应认识到与最佳表现相关的情绪特征与受伤相关的潜在风险。
