Marco Jordán L, Emparanza Knorr J L, Sarrasqueta Eizaguirre C, Gastesi Caballero C, Zubillaga Garmendía G
Servicio de Neumología, Hospital de Guipúzcoa.
Med Clin (Barc). 1995 Jul 8;105(6):211-5.
Information concerning to the habits and diseases of sea fishermen is scarce. The respiratory disorders and the risk groups in fishermen from the province of Guipúzcoa, Spain were evaluated in this study.
A descriptive transversal study (questionnaire and spirometry) and retrospective review of the data on laboral disability and mortality were carried out.
The prevalences of chronic bronchitis, asthma and smokers were found to be 18.3%, 9.8% and 47.5% respectively; with a history of pneumonia being 8.9%, tuberculosis 7.3%, pleural disease 5.5%, rib fracture 10.6%, and obstructive disorder 8.9%. Smoking, followed by the presence of previous infectious, were the factors most associated to the presence of respiratory disease. The most prevalent smoking habit observed among the high sea fishermen did not completely explain the greater prevalence of chronic bronchitis found among these subjects. The number of years working at sea was not related to any disorder. Tumors represented the first cause of mortality (34.9%) with those of the trachea, bronchials and lung heading the list (13.3%). Laboral disability due to respiratory causes occupied the third place in the global population (13.0%) and the first place in high sea fishermen (22.2%). In relation with coastal fishermen, the high sea fishermen presented a lower Tiffeneau index and a greater prevalence of smoking, chronic bronchitis, history of tuberculosis and laboral disability, number of medical consultations and admissions due to respiratory problems.
Sea fishermen present a high prevalence of respiratory disease. Differences were observed between high sea and coastal fishermen with the former demonstrating a lower Tiffeneau index and a greater frequency of smoking, chronic bronchitis, tuberculosis history and laboral disabilities, number of medical consultations and admissions for respiratory causes.
关于海渔民习惯和疾病的信息匮乏。本研究对西班牙吉普斯夸省渔民的呼吸系统疾病及风险群体进行了评估。
开展了一项描述性横断面研究（问卷调查和肺功能测定），并对劳动能力丧失和死亡率数据进行了回顾性分析。
慢性支气管炎、哮喘和吸烟者的患病率分别为18.3%、9.8%和47.5%；有肺炎病史的为8.9%，肺结核为7.3%，胸膜疾病为5.5%，肋骨骨折为10.6%，阻塞性疾病为8.9%。吸烟，其次是既往有感染史，是与呼吸系统疾病存在最相关的因素。在远洋渔民中观察到的最普遍吸烟习惯并不能完全解释这些人群中慢性支气管炎患病率较高的原因。在海上工作的年限与任何疾病均无关联。肿瘤是首要死亡原因（34.9%），其中气管、支气管和肺部肿瘤位居榜首（13.3%）。因呼吸系统原因导致的劳动能力丧失在总体人群中占第三位（13.0%），在远洋渔民中占第一位（22.2%）。与沿海渔民相比，远洋渔民的蒂芬诺指数较低，吸烟、慢性支气管炎、肺结核病史和劳动能力丧失、因呼吸系统问题进行的医疗咨询和住院次数的患病率更高。
海渔民呼吸系统疾病患病率较高。远洋渔民和沿海渔民之间存在差异，前者的蒂芬诺指数较低，吸烟、慢性支气管炎、肺结核病史和劳动能力丧失、因呼吸系统原因进行的医疗咨询和住院次数的发生率更高。
