Laraqui Omar, Hammouda Reda, Laraqui Salwa, Manar Nadia, Ghailan Tarik, Ben Amor Jaouda, Deschamps Frédéric, Laraqui Chakib El Houssine
Graduate School of Health Engineering, 24 rue Lafontaine, Quartier Racine, 20100 Casablanca, Morocco.
Int Marit Health. 2018;69(1):13-21. doi: 10.5603/IMH.2018.0003.
The objective was to screen and evaluate the prevalence of respiratory diseases and obstructive ventilatory defects among fishermen in Morocco.
This observational and cross-sectional epidemiological study involved 924 men over 20 years old and with at least two years of seniority. It included a questionnaire and a spirometry. The questionnaire is composed of four sections: sociodemographic and occupational characteristics, toxic habits, medical history and respiratory clinical symptoms.
The prevalence of symptoms of tracheobronchial irritation was 9.2% for cough, 8.2% for sputum 7.8% for dyspnoea and chest wheezing 8.1%. The frequency of rhinitis was 17.1%, asthma 6.8%, chronic bronchitis 5.6% and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 4.1% (5.4% for current and former smokers versus 1.1% for non-smokers). The prevalence was reaching 6.8% among those who smoked more than 10 pack-years and 17.9% among those who smoked more than 20 pack-years. Among subjects over 40 years old who had smoked more than 10 pack-years, the prevalence of COPD was 8.1%. The comorbidities were frequent.
Smoking was very common among fishermen. Symptoms and respiratory diseases remain underdiagnosed and undertreated. Prevention and early detection must be a priority in this sector.
目的是筛查和评估摩洛哥渔民中呼吸系统疾病和阻塞性通气功能障碍的患病率。
这项观察性横断面流行病学研究涉及924名20岁以上且工龄至少两年的男性。研究包括问卷调查和肺活量测定。问卷由四个部分组成：社会人口学和职业特征、有毒习惯、病史和呼吸道临床症状。
气管支气管刺激症状的患病率为：咳嗽9.2%、咳痰8.2%、呼吸困难7.8%和胸部喘息8.1%。鼻炎的发生率为17.1%，哮喘为6.8%，慢性支气管炎为5.6%，慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）为4.1%（当前吸烟者和既往吸烟者为5.4%，非吸烟者为1.1%）。吸烟超过10包年的人群中患病率达到6.8%，吸烟超过20包年的人群中患病率为17.9%。在40岁以上且吸烟超过10包年的受试者中，COPD的患病率为8.1%。合并症很常见。
吸烟在渔民中非常普遍。症状和呼吸系统疾病仍未得到充分诊断和治疗。预防和早期检测必须成为该领域的优先事项。
