Doherty K, Kinnunen T, Militello F S, Garvey A J
Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Normative Aging Study, Veterans Administration Outpatient Clinic, Boston, MA, USA.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1995 May;119(2):171-8. doi: 10.1007/BF02246158.
The urges to smoke reported by 215 former smokers were measured 1 day, 7 days, 14 days and 30 days after they quit to examine: (a) the time course of smoking urges, (b) the relationship of urges to relapse, and (c) predictors of urges to smoke. Urges to smoke were strongest 1 day after quitting, and decreased at each subsequent measurement point. Urges were a powerful predictor of relapse. At each of the four assessment points, abstinent subjects who reported stronger urges to smoke were more likely to relapse by the next measurement point. Urges to smoke at a given day (e.g., day 1) were consistently the best predictors of the persistence of urges at the next assessment (e.g., day 7). Greater negative emotion (e.g., anxiety, sadness, anger, and confusion) and psychosocial stress also predicted stronger urges to smoke. Nicotine gum significantly reduced urges during week 1 post-cessation. Clinical implications of the findings are discussed.
对215名戒烟者在戒烟后1天、7天、14天和30天报告的吸烟冲动进行了测量，以研究：(a)吸烟冲动的时间进程；(b)冲动与复吸的关系；(c)吸烟冲动的预测因素。戒烟后1天吸烟冲动最强，在随后的每个测量点均有所下降。冲动是复吸的有力预测因素。在四个评估点中的每一个点，报告有更强吸烟冲动的戒烟者在下一个测量点更有可能复吸。在给定日期（如第1天）的吸烟冲动始终是下一次评估（如第7天）时冲动持续存在的最佳预测因素。更大的负面情绪（如焦虑、悲伤、愤怒和困惑）以及心理社会压力也预示着更强的吸烟冲动。尼古丁口香糖在戒烟后的第1周显著降低了冲动。讨论了这些发现的临床意义。
