Ross D A, Kirkwood B R, Binka F N, Arthur P, Dollimore N, Morris S S, Shier R P, Gyapong J O, Smith P G
Department of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, England.
Am J Public Health. 1995 Sep;85(9):1246-51. doi: 10.2105/ajph.85.9.1246.
The impact of large-dose vitamin A supplementation given at intervals of 4 months on child mortality and morbidity was examined according to the time interval since dosing, number of doses received previously, and time of year.
Two double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials of large doses of vitamin A administered at intervals of 4 months were conducted in adjacent populations in northern Ghana.
While vitamin A supplementation significantly reduced the overall incidence of severe illnesses (especially diarrhea with dehydration), clinic attendances, hospital admissions, and mortality, there was no evidence that the impact of each dose of vitamin A was related to the number of doses the child had received previously. There was no evidence that the effectiveness of the supplement waned over the 3 to 5 months between doses. The impact on mortality did not differ significantly by the month in which the supplement had been given.
In the study population, there was no evidence that an interval between doses of less than 4 months would have had a greater impact on severe morbidity or mortality, and the effectiveness of supplementation did not vary by time of year.
根据距上次给药的时间间隔、既往接受的给药次数以及一年中的时间，研究每4个月给予大剂量维生素A对儿童死亡率和发病率的影响。
在加纳北部相邻人群中开展了两项双盲、随机、安慰剂对照试验，每4个月给予大剂量维生素A。
虽然补充维生素A显著降低了严重疾病（尤其是伴有脱水的腹泻）的总体发病率、门诊就诊率、住院率和死亡率，但没有证据表明每剂维生素A的效果与儿童既往接受的给药次数有关。没有证据表明补充剂的有效性在两次给药间隔的3至5个月内会减弱。补充剂给药月份对死亡率的影响没有显著差异。
在研究人群中，没有证据表明给药间隔少于4个月会对严重发病率或死亡率产生更大影响，且补充剂的有效性不会因一年中的时间而有所不同。
