Tipton M J, Balmi P J, Bramham E, Maddern T A, Elliott D H
Robens Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, Hants, UK.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1995 Mar;66(3):206-11.
Experiments were undertaken to determine whether a simple rebreathing system, termed "Air Pocket" (AP), could, when integrated into an immersion dry suit, extend the underwater survival time of individuals when compared with their maximum breath hold time (BHTmax). Eight naive healthy male subjects undertook a series of resting submersions and simulated simple helicopter underwater escapes in water 25 degrees C and 10 degrees C. During the submersions the subjects breath-held maximally and then rebreathed using an otherwise empty AP. the BHTmax times of subjects and the total time they could remain underwater (RBT) were recorded. The results showed that the ability to rebreathe following a BHTmax extended the time all subjects could remain submerged, resting or exercising, in cold water by a factor of at least two. The average BHTmax during simulated helicopter underwater escapes in the cold water was 17.2 s. It is concluded that the ability of subjects to rebreathe immediately following maximum breath holding extends the time they can remain submerged in cold water to as much as 60 s. Further, if used unprimed, a simple rebreathing system will not introduce any additional dangers such as a pulmonary over-pressure accident.
开展了一些实验，以确定一种名为“气袋”（AP）的简单再呼吸系统，当集成到潜水干式防寒服中时，与个体的最大屏气时间（BHTmax）相比，是否能延长其水下生存时间。八名未经训练的健康男性受试者在25摄氏度和10摄氏度的水中进行了一系列静息潜水和模拟简单直升机水下逃生。在潜水过程中，受试者最大限度地屏气，然后使用原本为空的AP进行再呼吸。记录了受试者的BHTmax时间以及他们在水下可以停留的总时间（RBT）。结果表明，在BHTmax后进行再呼吸的能力使所有受试者在冷水中静息或运动时能够保持潜水的时间延长了至少两倍。在冷水中模拟直升机水下逃生时的平均BHTmax为17.2秒。得出的结论是，受试者在最大屏气后立即进行再呼吸的能力将他们在冷水中能够保持潜水的时间延长至多达60秒。此外，如果未预先充入气体使用，简单的再呼吸系统不会引入任何额外的危险，如肺内压过高事故。
