Tipton M J, Kelleher P C, Golden F S
Institute of Naval Medicine, Gosport, Hants, UK.
Undersea Hyperb Med. 1994 Sep;21(3):305-13.
Twelve subjects undertook one submersion into water at 5 degrees C and two at 10 degrees C wearing either a wet or dry suit. During the submersions the subjects held their breath for as long as they could and then breathed through respiratory tubing for a further 10 s before being removed from the water. Bradycardia (heart rate < 60 beats/min) was observed during breath holding in 10 subjects in 28 of the 36 submersions. Ectopic arrhythmias were observed in 11 subjects in 29 of the 36 submersions, a much higher frequency than previously reported. These ectopic arrhythmias included premature atrial and junctional complexes, runs of supraventricular tachycardia, and premature ventricular complexes. They occurred predominantly in the 10-s period of submersion after the cessation of breath holding. The possible etiology of these arrhythmias and their significance are discussed and it is concluded that after breath-hold termination during cold-water submersion there is a short time during which the heart may be particularly susceptible to supraventricular ectopic arrhythmias.
12名受试者穿着湿式或干式潜水服，分别在5摄氏度的水中进行了1次潜水，在10摄氏度的水中进行了2次潜水。在潜水过程中，受试者尽可能长时间地屏住呼吸，然后通过呼吸管再呼吸10秒，之后才从水中出来。在36次潜水中的28次潜水过程中，有10名受试者在屏气时出现了心动过缓（心率<60次/分钟）。在36次潜水中的29次潜水过程中，有11名受试者出现了异位心律，其频率比之前报道的要高得多。这些异位心律包括房性和交界性早搏、室上性心动过速发作以及室性早搏。它们主要发生在屏气停止后的10秒潜水期间。文中讨论了这些心律失常的可能病因及其意义，并得出结论：在冷水潜水中屏气结束后，心脏在短时间内可能特别容易发生室上性异位心律失常。
