Knolle H
Institut für Sozial- und Präventivmedizin, Bern.
Gesundheitswesen. 1995 Jun;57(6):351-4.
The role of drinking water as a source of infection with wild poliovirus in modern cities was denied nearly 50 years ago on the basis of arguments taken from bacteriology. Recent findings concerning the persistence of viruses in water and their resistance to antibacterial agents applied to fresh water and waste water require a revision of those older concepts. There is now convincing evidence that in New York City, where poliomyelitis struck with extreme severity, drinking water was a main source of infection. The phenomenon of water-borne poliomyelitis may become important in the near future as well. Since population growth and scarcity of water in many parts of the world makes recycling of waste water necessary, the eradication campaign of the WHO must consider the possibility that strains of vaccine virus excreted by vaccinees will be reproduced forever.
近50年前，基于细菌学的观点，饮用水作为现代城市中野生脊髓灰质炎病毒感染源的作用被否定。关于病毒在水中的持久性及其对应用于淡水和废水的抗菌剂的抗性的最新发现，需要对这些旧观念进行修正。现在有令人信服的证据表明，在脊髓灰质炎疫情极其严重的纽约市，饮用水是主要的感染源。水源性脊髓灰质炎现象在不久的将来可能也会变得很重要。由于世界许多地区的人口增长和水资源短缺使得废水循环利用成为必要，世界卫生组织的根除运动必须考虑到疫苗接种者排出的疫苗病毒株将永远繁殖的可能性。
