Ballinger R
Medical Center, Eye Clinic, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Optom Vis Sci. 1995 May;72(5):305-9. doi: 10.1097/00006324-199505000-00006.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is the most common ocular opportunistic infection in patients with AIDS. CMV retinitis is often asymptomatic and usually appears when the patient's CD4 lymphocyte levels fall below 50/mm3. The infection may present a variety of clinical appearances and must be carefully differentiated from cotton-wool spots in early infection.
This paper reviews the natural history of CMV infection in both the normal population and in patients with AIDS. CMV retinitis presenting in AIDS patients is then described in detail with clinical presentations of fundus features. Finally, the management of patients who may be at risk or have developed CMV retinitis is reviewed. Recent data on suggested management protocols are also provided.
Cases of CMV retinitis will continue to increase as the AIDS epidemic progresses. The primary care practitioner will play an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and management of patients with this infection.
巨细胞病毒（CMV）视网膜炎是艾滋病患者最常见的眼部机会性感染。CMV视网膜炎通常无症状，通常在患者CD4淋巴细胞水平降至50/mm³以下时出现。该感染可能呈现多种临床表现，在早期感染时必须与棉絮斑仔细鉴别。
本文回顾了CMV在正常人群和艾滋病患者中的自然病程。然后详细描述了艾滋病患者中出现的CMV视网膜炎及其眼底特征的临床表现。最后，对可能有风险或已发生CMV视网膜炎的患者的管理进行了综述。还提供了关于建议管理方案的最新数据。
随着艾滋病疫情的发展，CMV视网膜炎病例将继续增加。初级保健医生在这种感染患者的诊断和管理中将发挥越来越重要的作用。
