Litwak A B
VA Medical Centers, Baltimore/Fort Howard, Maryland, USA.
Optom Vis Sci. 1995 May;72(5):312-9. doi: 10.1097/00006324-199505000-00008.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is the most common posterior segment opportunistic infection and the leading cause of blindness in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. CMV is not the sole agent that can infect the fundus of an immunocompromised patient. Disseminated herpes zoster (HZ), herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, and Candidiasis are possible. Syphilis, Pneumocystis carinii, cryptococcosis, tuberculosis, and a host of other viruses, protozoa, bacteria, or neoplasms may invade the retina or choroid. The eye care practitioner must not only differentiate noninfectious retinopathy (AIDS retinopathy) from CMV retinitis, but also distinguish CMV retinitis from other posterior segment infections because the treatment modalities are different. This paper will review the clinical features of non-CMV infectious retinopathies and choroidopathies that occur in AIDS patients.
巨细胞病毒（CMV）视网膜炎是最常见的眼后段机会性感染，也是获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）患者失明的主要原因。CMV并非唯一可感染免疫功能低下患者眼底的病原体。播散性带状疱疹（HZ）、单纯疱疹、弓形虫病和念珠菌病也有可能。梅毒、卡氏肺孢子虫、隐球菌病、结核病以及许多其他病毒、原生动物、细菌或肿瘤都可能侵犯视网膜或脉络膜。眼科医生不仅要将非感染性视网膜病变（AIDS视网膜病变）与CMV视网膜炎区分开来，还要将CMV视网膜炎与其他眼后段感染区分开来，因为治疗方法不同。本文将综述AIDS患者中发生的非CMV感染性视网膜病变和脉络膜病变的临床特征。
