Guembel H O, Ohrloff C
Department of Ophthalmology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University School of Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany.
Ophthalmologica. 1997;211 Suppl 1:53-61. doi: 10.1159/000310887.
All opportunistic infections of the eye have their origin in the suppression of the immune system of the host. The immunosuppression can be acquired through the human immune deficiency virus or as a result of immunosuppressive therapy in solid-organ transplant recipients with a maintenance therapy of cyclosporin and prednisone or during chemotherapy in patients with myeloproliferative disorders. Generally, in less than 2% could severe opportunistic infections of the eye, like cytomegalovirus (CMV) or herpes virus infection, be found in transplant and cancer patients with chemotherapy. About 35-70% of patients with AIDS exhibit ocular manifestations of disease, so the most notable opportunistic infection with an incidence of 35% would be CMV retinitis. Less frequent are progressive outer retinal necrosis syndrome, Kaposi's sarcoma and optic neuropathies. This paper reviews recent advances in the diagnosis and special local therapies of the worst opportunistic infections in immunocompromised hosts.
眼部所有机会性感染均源于宿主免疫系统的抑制。免疫抑制可通过人类免疫缺陷病毒获得，或因实体器官移植受者接受免疫抑制治疗（使用环孢素和泼尼松维持治疗），或因骨髓增殖性疾病患者化疗而导致。一般来说，在接受化疗的移植患者和癌症患者中，严重的眼部机会性感染（如巨细胞病毒（CMV）或疱疹病毒感染）发生率不到2%。约35%-70%的艾滋病患者有眼部疾病表现，因此最显著的机会性感染是CMV视网膜炎，发病率为35%。进行性外层视网膜坏死综合征、卡波西肉瘤和视神经病变则较少见。本文综述了免疫功能低下宿主中最严重机会性感染的诊断及特殊局部治疗的最新进展。
