Echeverria D, White R F, Sampaio C
Battelle Centers for Public Health Research and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA.
J Occup Environ Med. 1995 Jun;37(6):667-80. doi: 10.1097/00043764-199506000-00008.
Long-term deficits in visuospatial function and memory and disturbances in mood have been clinically identified and followed in four patients occupationally exposed to perchloroethylene (PCE). A frontal/limbic hypothesis is offered as the site of pathology. A separate study among 65 dry cleaners was conducted to provide similar evidence of impairment, suggesting a continuum between clinical and preclinical effects. Three exposure zones were identified for the counter clerks, pressers, and operators corresponding to air levels of 11.2, 23.2, and 40.8 ppm. Decrements were found for visual reproductions (14.4%), the number correct (6.7%) and the latency (10%) for pattern memory, and the number correct (3.9%) for pattern recognition. Chronic, life-long deficits appear below 50 ppm and require at least 3 years of exposure. A reexamination of the OSHA standard is recommended and shows that behavioral testing can be used as an early indicator of more serious clinical effects.
临床上已确认并跟踪了4名职业性接触全氯乙烯（PCE）的患者存在长期视觉空间功能和记忆缺陷以及情绪障碍。本文提出了一个额叶/边缘系统假说作为病理发生部位。另外，对65名干洗工进行了一项单独研究，以提供类似的损伤证据，这表明临床和临床前效应之间存在连续性。根据空气浓度为11.2、23.2和40.8 ppm，为柜台职员、熨烫工和操作员确定了三个接触区域。视觉复制（下降14.4%）、图案记忆的正确数量（下降6.7%）和潜伏期（下降10%）以及图案识别的正确数量（下降3.9%）均出现下降。低于50 ppm会出现慢性、终身缺陷，且至少需要3年的接触时间。建议重新审视职业安全与健康管理局（OSHA）的标准，结果表明行为测试可作为更严重临床效应的早期指标。
