Oliver R C, Fallat M E
Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
J Trauma. 1995 Aug;39(2):303-7; discussion 307-8. doi: 10.1097/00005373-199508000-00019.
This study assessed effects of traumatic childhood death on parents. From July 1988 to September 1992, 48 of the 1,954 children admitted to our pediatric trauma center died. Interviews were requested with parents of children who died and were conducted by a chaplain in the homes of 29 parents (20 families). Interview assessments were based on Worden's "Mourning Tasks" and Demi and Miles's "Parameters of Normal Grief." Grieving was uncomplicated in seven parents (five families). Common elements included use of multifaceted non-family support networks to aid grieving, and no parents blamed themselves or God for the child's death. Grieving was pathologic in 22 parents (15 families). Dominant features included: (1) lack of a support network beyond the extended family; (2) an avoidant stance to grieving; and (3) view of God as distant and punitive. We provide nine indices that will enable hospital caregivers to anticipate the outcome of parental grieving, and offer suggestions for the physician who desires to be involved in parents' acute and rehabilitative grief recovery.
本研究评估了童年期创伤性死亡对父母的影响。1988年7月至1992年9月，在我们儿科创伤中心收治的1954名儿童中有48名死亡。研究要求对死亡儿童的父母进行访谈，由一名牧师在29名父母（20个家庭）家中进行。访谈评估基于沃登的“哀悼任务”以及德米和迈尔斯的“正常悲伤的参数”。7名父母（5个家庭）的悲伤过程未出现复杂情况。共同因素包括利用多方面的非家庭支持网络来辅助哀悼，且没有父母因孩子的死亡而自责或归咎于上帝。22名父母（15个家庭）的悲伤过程呈病理性。主要特征包括：（1）大家庭之外缺乏支持网络；（2）对悲伤采取回避态度；（3）将上帝视为遥远且惩罚性的。我们提供了九个指标，可使医院护理人员预测父母悲伤的结果，并为希望参与父母急性悲伤恢复和康复性悲伤恢复的医生提供建议。
