Hernández A C, Newcomb M D, Rabow J
Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Arizona State University West, Phoenix 85069-7100, USA.
J Stud Alcohol. 1995 Jul;56(4):408-13. doi: 10.15288/jsa.1995.56.408.
Survey research suggests that there are few, if any, gender differences in the types and frequency of informal drunk-driving intervention. This contrasts sharply with laboratory studies of helping behavior which report that men are more likely to help than are women. The present study examined the frequency and success rate of several different types of informal drunk-driving intervention for women and men. The influence of the gender of the intervenor and the intoxicated individual and the intervenor's familiarity with the individual on the use and success of the different interventions were also examined.
Students (N = 388) at a major West Coast university completed a drinking and driving questionnaire. Of these subjects 303 (78%) reported having been in a DUI situation within the last year, and 68% at these students (n = 206) who reported having intervened at least once in the past year were used in the present study.
Women were just as likely as men to intervene. There were few gender differences in the frequency and success rates of the different types of intervention examined. Familiarity with the intoxicated individual increased the frequency and success of intervention. However, intervention with strangers occurred under certain circumstances.
These data indicate that there are few gender differences in the use and success rate of different types of informal drunk-driving intervention. However, since the interventions examined in this study were determined a priori, gender differences may still be operative. There is some research evidence that suggests that men and women approach potential drunk drivers differently. Furthermore, the role of familiarity in drunk-driving intervention needs to be further examined.
调查研究表明，在非正式酒后驾车干预的类型和频率方面，即便存在性别差异也微乎其微。这与关于助人行为的实验室研究形成鲜明对比，后者报告称男性比女性更有可能提供帮助。本研究考察了针对男性和女性的几种不同类型的非正式酒后驾车干预的频率和成功率。还考察了干预者和醉酒者的性别以及干预者与该个体的熟悉程度对不同干预措施的采用和效果的影响。
西海岸一所主要大学的学生（N = 388）完成了一份酒驾调查问卷。在这些受试者中，303人（78%）报告在过去一年中曾处于酒驾情形，本研究采用了其中68%的学生（n = 206），这些学生报告在过去一年中至少干预过一次。
女性和男性进行干预的可能性相同。在所考察的不同类型干预的频率和成功率方面，几乎没有性别差异。对醉酒个体的熟悉程度提高了干预的频率和成功率。然而，在某些情况下也会对陌生人进行干预。
这些数据表明，在不同类型的非正式酒后驾车干预的采用和成功率方面，几乎没有性别差异。然而，由于本研究中考察的干预措施是预先确定的，性别差异可能仍然存在。有一些研究证据表明，男性和女性接近潜在酒驾者的方式不同。此外，熟悉程度在酒后驾车干预中的作用需要进一步研究。
