Marlenga B
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, USA.
Oncol Nurs Forum. 1995 May;22(4):681-6.
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To assess and describe health beliefs, level of knowledge about skin cancer, current skin cancer prevention practices, and cues to preventive action of Wisconsin dairy farmers.
Descriptive survey.
Rural Wisconsin.
A stratified random sample of 535 male dairy farmers from the Wisconsin Department of Agriculture mailing list; 202 farmers (38%) returned the survey.
A survey instrument developed by the researcher was mailed to the farmers. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data.
Susceptibility, seriousness, benefits, barriers, current practices, knowledge, and cues to preventive action in regard to skin cancer.
Farmers were knowledgeable about skin cancer and felt that they were susceptible, that it was a serious disease, and that protective actions were beneficial; however, they did not practice sun protection. "Too hot to wear" was the most frequent reason given for not wearing protective clothing, and "I forget to wear it" was the most common reason for not using sunscreen.
Barriers to the use of sunscreen may be the most amenable to intervention. The utility of the Health Belief Model with this population is questioned and may require additional research.
Farming-related magazines and newspapers can be used to provide health information. Skin cancer education should be provided at schools, work sites, outpatient clinics, hospitals, and community screening events to remind farmers to practice sun protection.
目的/目标：评估并描述威斯康星州奶农的健康观念、皮肤癌知识水平、当前的皮肤癌预防措施以及预防行动的提示因素。
描述性调查。
威斯康星州农村地区。
从威斯康星州农业部邮件列表中抽取的535名男性奶农组成的分层随机样本；202名农民（38%）回复了调查问卷。
研究人员开发的调查问卷邮寄给农民。使用描述性统计分析数据。
皮肤癌的易感性、严重性、益处、障碍、当前做法、知识以及预防行动的提示因素。
农民对皮肤癌有所了解，认为自己易患皮肤癌，这是一种严重疾病，采取防护措施有益；然而，他们并未采取防晒措施。“天气太热没法穿”是不穿防护服最常给出的理由，“我忘记穿了”是不使用防晒霜最常见的理由。
使用防晒霜的障碍可能最适合进行干预。健康信念模型在这一人群中的效用受到质疑，可能需要进一步研究。
与农业相关的杂志和报纸可用于提供健康信息。应在学校、工作场所、门诊诊所、医院和社区筛查活动中开展皮肤癌教育，提醒农民采取防晒措施。
