McNally R J
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Behav Res Ther. 1995 Sep;33(7):747-54. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(95)00015-p.
Experimental psychopathologists have increasingly relied upon the concepts and methods of cognitive psychology in their attempts to elucidate information-processing biases associated with anxiety disorders. Many of these biases presumably constitute instances of automatic, not strategic, processing. But research has shown that attributes of automaticity (i.e. capacity-free, unconsious, involuntary) do not all apply to selective processing of threat associated with anxiety. Experimental and clinical findings suggest that biases are automatic in the sense of being involuntary (and sometimes unconscious), but not in the sense of being capacity-free. Implications of involuntary automatic processing of threat for behavior therapy are discussed.
实验性心理病理学家在试图阐明与焦虑症相关的信息处理偏差时，越来越依赖认知心理学的概念和方法。这些偏差中的许多大概构成了自动而非策略性处理的实例。但研究表明，自动性的属性（即无需认知资源、无意识、不由自主）并非都适用于与焦虑相关的威胁的选择性处理。实验和临床研究结果表明，偏差在不由自主（有时是无意识）的意义上是自动的，但在无需认知资源的意义上并非如此。本文讨论了对威胁的不由自主的自动处理对行为治疗的影响。
