Paller A S
Department of Pediatrics, Children's Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60614.
Semin Dermatol. 1993 Mar;12(1):3-8.
Scabies in infants and young children manifests as a pruritic, often generalized eruption with frequent involvement of the face, scalp, palms, and soles, in contrast to the intertriginous localization of lesions in older patients. The most common presenting lesions are papules, vesiculopustules, and nodules. Secondary eczematization and impetiginization are common, but burrows are difficult to find. The diagnosis of scabies should be confirmed by mineral oil scraping. Permethrin 5% cream (Elimite; Herbert, Irvine, CA) is now considered to be the treatment of choice for infants and small children with scabies because of its high efficacy and low risk of side effects. Concomitant treatment of other family members and caretakers is imperative, as is cleansing of articles of contact. Postscabietic nodules may persist for a few months after clearance of the mites. Animal scabies may also cause pruritic papules and vesicles in young children, but the eruption clears spontaneously; the infested animal should be treated.
婴幼儿疥疮表现为瘙痒性皮疹,通常泛发,面部、头皮、手掌和足底常受累,这与年长患者皮损多局限于褶皱部位不同。最常见的皮损为丘疹、脓疱和结节。继发性湿疹化和脓疱化很常见,但很难找到疥螨隧道。疥疮的诊断应通过矿物油刮片检查来确诊。5%氯菊酯乳膏(扑灭司林;Herbert,尔湾,加利福尼亚州)因其高效及低副作用风险,现被认为是婴幼儿疥疮的首选治疗药物。必须同时治疗其他家庭成员和护理人员,接触物品也需清洗。疥疮结节在螨虫清除后可能会持续数月。动物疥疮也可能导致幼儿出现瘙痒性丘疹和水疱,但皮疹会自行消退;应对受感染的动物进行治疗。