Elofsson R, Carlberg M, Moroz L, Nezlin L, Sakharov D
Department of Zoology, University of Lund, Sweden.
Neuroreport. 1993 Mar;4(3):279-82. doi: 10.1097/00001756-199303000-00013.
NADPH-diaphorase (NADPHd) is known to be identical to nitric oxide (NO) synthase in the mammalian nervous system, and is therefore used as a marker of NO-producing neurones. Using the histochemical reaction for NADPHd, we searched for such neurones in a selection of invertebrates. Special emphasis was given to molluscs. No selective neuronal staining was found in representatives of coelenterates, turbellarians, nematodes and urochordates. In all annelids, arthropods and molluscs examined, with the exception of a chiton, specific neurones were selectively stained. The reaction was particularly strong in pulmonate molluscs where scattered positive neurones were found in various ganglia and clustered symmetrically in the paired buccal ganglia. Biochemical assay of NO synthase in osphradia of the gastropod mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis revealed a formation of citrullin that was inhibited by the specific NO synthase N omega-nitro-L-arginine (NO2Arg). Both histochemical and biochemical methods indicate that NO can be used as a signal molecule by specific neurones in advanced invertebrates.
已知在哺乳动物神经系统中，还原型辅酶Ⅱ黄递酶（NADPH-d）与一氧化氮（NO）合酶相同，因此它被用作产生NO的神经元的标志物。利用NADPH-d的组织化学反应，我们在一些无脊椎动物中寻找此类神经元。特别关注了软体动物。在腔肠动物、涡虫、线虫和尾索动物的代表中未发现选择性神经元染色。在所检查的所有环节动物、节肢动物和软体动物中，除了石鳖外，特定神经元均被选择性染色。该反应在肺螺亚纲软体动物中尤为强烈，在各种神经节中发现了散在的阳性神经元，并在成对的颊神经节中对称聚集。对腹足纲软体动物椎实螺嗅检器中的NO合酶进行生化分析，结果显示瓜氨酸的形成受到特异性NO合酶Nω-硝基-L-精氨酸（NO2Arg）的抑制。组织化学和生化方法均表明，在高等无脊椎动物中，NO可被特定神经元用作信号分子。
