Blottner D, Grozdanovic Z, Gossrau R
Department of Anatomy, Free University of Berlin, Germany.
Histochem J. 1995 Oct;27(10):785-811.
Nitric oxide synthase, which generates the physiological messenger molecule nitric oxide, and its associated NADPH diaphorase (NADPHd) activity are distributed throughout selective neuronal populations of the central and peripheral nervous system. Considerable evidence has been accumulated to indicate that NADPHd activity labels cells lacking neuronal nitric oxide synthase, i.e., the specificity of the reaction has to be considered for the reliable detection of the enzyme in neuronal but also non-neuronal tissue. In the present review, critical aspects of nitric oxide synthase visualization in neurones, using its NADPHd activity, are discussed. Furthermore, the organization of the central and peripheral nitric oxide synthase-containing neuronal systems is described. Nitric oxide synthase is present in local cortical and striatal neurones, hypothalamic magnocellular neurones, mesopontine cholinergic neurones, cerebellar interneurones, preganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic neurones, neurones in parasympathetic autonomic and enteric ganglia and primary viscero-afferent neurones. Finally, injury-related alterations in nitric oxide synthase activity are briefly outlined. In this respect, the histochemistry of nitric oxide synthase may represent a valuable marker for neurochemical, if not structural, alterations observed in neural diseases, regeneration and transplantation.
一氧化氮合酶可生成生理性信使分子一氧化氮，其相关的还原型辅酶Ⅱ黄递酶（NADPHd）活性分布于中枢和外周神经系统的特定神经元群体中。已有大量证据表明，NADPHd活性标记的是缺乏神经元型一氧化氮合酶的细胞，也就是说，在神经元组织以及非神经元组织中可靠检测该酶时，必须考虑反应的特异性。在本综述中，我们讨论了利用NADPHd活性在神经元中可视化一氧化氮合酶的关键方面。此外，还描述了中枢和外周含一氧化氮合酶神经元系统的组织结构。一氧化氮合酶存在于局部皮质和纹状体神经元、下丘脑大细胞神经元、中脑桥脑胆碱能神经元、小脑中间神经元、节前交感和副交感神经元、副交感自主神经节和肠神经节中的神经元以及初级内脏传入神经元中。最后，简要概述了与损伤相关的一氧化氮合酶活性变化。在这方面，一氧化氮合酶的组织化学可能代表了一种有价值的标记物，用于检测神经疾病、再生和移植中观察到的神经化学改变（即便不是结构改变）。
