Tønnessen T, Tølløfsrud S, Kongsgaard U E, Noddeland H
Norwegian Army Medical Training Center, Lahaugmoen.
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1993 May;37(4):424-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1993.tb03741.x.
Colloid osmotic pressure (COP) of some of the most frequently used plasma replacement fluids was measured with a colloid osmometer. COP of 4% human albumin solutions was only half that of normal human serum (13.6 +/- 0.6 vs. 27.5 +/- 2.7 mmHg (1.8 +/- 0.1 vs. 3.7 +/- 0.4 kPa)) (mean +/- s.d.), whereas COP of 20% human albumin solutions was eight times higher (196.0 +/- 12.3 mmHg (26.1 +/- 1.6 kPa)). Enhancing the protein concentration from 4% to 20% in the human albumin solutions increased COP 14-fold, reflecting the exponential relationship between protein concentration and COP of a solution. Fresh donor plasma furnished by the hospital blood-bank had a COP about 30% below normal human serum (18.1 +/- 1.3 mmHg (2.4 +/- 0.2 kPa)), due to dilution during preparation. Dextran 70 (6%) had a COP more than twice, and Ringer-Dextran 60 (3%) about 75% of that of normal human serum. Dextran 40 (10%) and gelatin (3.5%, Haemaccel) leaked markedly through the membrane of the colloid osmometer, making acceptable measurements impossible. Seven different hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solutions were measured, and the COP varied between half and 3 times that of normal human serum, depending on molecular weight and concentration of the HES.
使用胶体渗透压计测量了一些最常用的血浆代用品的胶体渗透压（COP）。4%人白蛋白溶液的COP仅为正常人血清的一半（13.6±0.6对27.5±2.7 mmHg（1.8±0.1对3.7±0.4 kPa））（平均值±标准差），而20%人白蛋白溶液的COP则高出8倍（196.0±12.3 mmHg（26.1±1.6 kPa））。将人白蛋白溶液中的蛋白质浓度从4%提高到20%，COP增加了14倍，反映了溶液中蛋白质浓度与COP之间的指数关系。医院血库提供的新鲜供体血浆的COP比正常人血清低约30%（18.1±1.3 mmHg（2.4±0.2 kPa）），这是由于制备过程中的稀释。右旋糖酐70（6%）的COP是正常人血清的两倍多，林格 - 右旋糖酐60（3%）约为正常人血清的75%。右旋糖酐40（10%）和明胶（3.5%，海脉素）明显透过胶体渗透压计的膜，无法进行可接受的测量。测量了七种不同的羟乙基淀粉（HES）溶液，其COP在正常人血清的一半到三倍之间变化，这取决于HES的分子量和浓度。
