Higley J D, Thompson W W, Champoux M, Goldman D, Hasert M F, Kraemer G W, Scanlan J M, Suomi S J, Linnoila M
Laboratory of Clinical Studies, DICBR, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Md.
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1993 Aug;50(8):615-23. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820200025003.
To study genetic and environmental contributions to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) monoamine concentrations, 55 young rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were reared apart from their 10 fathers to perform a paternal half-sibling analysis.
To study maternal genetic contributions, 23 infants were reared with their mothers, 23 infants were removed from their mothers at birth and fostered to unrelated lactating female monkeys, and 24 infants were removed from their mothers at birth and reared with age-matched peers. When the monkeys reached age 6 months, CSF samples were obtained via cisternal puncture prior to and during a series of social separations.
When the results were statistically pooled according to the biological father, comparisons using analysis of variance indicated that both CSF 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) concentrations showed significant heritable (h2) effects (h2 > 0.5) for both sons and daughters, whereas 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) showed a nearly significant paternal genetic effect only for sons (h2 > 0.5). In addition, there were substantial maternal genetic influences on the young monkeys' CSF MHPG and 5-HIAA (h2 > 0.5) levels. Structural equation analyses indicated a maternal genetic contribution without a maternal environmental contribution to CSF 5-HIAA concentration; on the other hand, there was both a maternal genetic and environmental contribution to MHPG.
These findings suggest that a significant portion of the variance in the turnover of the monoamine neurotransmitters is determined by genetic mechanisms.
为研究遗传和环境因素对脑脊液（CSF）单胺浓度的影响，55只幼年恒河猴（猕猴）在与其10只父亲分开的环境中饲养，以进行父系半同胞分析。
为研究母系遗传因素的影响，23只幼猴与母亲一起饲养，23只幼猴在出生时与母亲分离，并由 unrelated lactating female monkeys 抚养，24只幼猴在出生时与母亲分离，并与年龄匹配的同伴一起饲养。当猴子达到6个月大时，在一系列社会分离之前和期间，通过小脑延髓池穿刺获取脑脊液样本。
根据生物学父亲对结果进行统计合并后，方差分析表明，脑脊液5-羟吲哚乙酸（5-HIAA）和高香草酸（HVA）浓度对儿子和女儿均显示出显著的遗传（h2）效应（h2>0.5），而3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯乙二醇（MHPG）仅对儿子显示出近乎显著的父系遗传效应（h2>0.5）。此外，母系遗传对幼猴脑脊液MHPG和5-HIAA（h2>0.5）水平有重大影响。结构方程分析表明，母系遗传对脑脊液5-HIAA浓度有贡献，而母系环境无贡献；另一方面，MHPG既有母系遗传贡献，也有母系环境贡献。
这些发现表明，单胺神经递质周转率的很大一部分变异是由遗传机制决定的。
