Tang J, Stathopoulos E T
Buffalo Hearing and Speech Center, New York 14260-4150.
J Acoust Soc Am. 1995 Mar;97(3):1885-92. doi: 10.1121/1.412062.
The effect of vocal intensity on vocal efficiency (VE) for children as compared to adults is investigated, leading to the conclusion that children have different VE values than adults. Vocal efficiency was measured using a logarithmic form of the ratio of the acoustical power radiated from the lips to the aerodynamic power supplied to the glottis for voice production. Sixty subjects participated in this study, including 20 subjects with 10 males and 10 females in each of the three age groups: 4-year-olds, 8-year-olds, and adults. The speech tasks were produced at soft, comfortable, and loud levels, and the VE measurements were mathematically adjusted to account for the sound-pressure level variations within each intensity level among the subject groups. The VE values were compared for age, intensity, and gender differences. The results indicate that 4-year-olds and 8-year-olds have lower VE values than adults. Vocal efficiency increased with vocal intensity for all the age groups, and no significant differences were found for females as compared to males. Factors influencing VE such as maturation of the vocal ligament, amplitude of vocal fold vibration, fundamental frequency, tracheal pressure, as well as the source spectra are discussed.
研究了与成年人相比，发声强度对儿童发声效率（VE）的影响，得出的结论是儿童的发声效率值与成年人不同。发声效率是通过一种对数形式来测量的，该形式为从嘴唇辐射出的声功率与供应给声门用于发声的气动功率之比。60名受试者参与了这项研究，包括三个年龄组中的每组20名受试者，每个年龄组有10名男性和10名女性：4岁儿童、8岁儿童和成年人。言语任务在轻柔、舒适和响亮的水平下进行，并且对发声效率测量值进行了数学调整，以考虑各受试者组中每个强度水平内的声压级变化。比较了发声效率值在年龄、强度和性别方面的差异。结果表明，4岁儿童和8岁儿童的发声效率值低于成年人。所有年龄组的发声效率都随发声强度的增加而提高，并且未发现女性与男性之间存在显著差异。还讨论了影响发声效率的因素，如声带的成熟度、声带振动幅度、基频、气管压力以及声源频谱。
