Stathopoulos E T, Sapienza C
Communicative Disorders and Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo 14260.
J Acoust Soc Am. 1993 Nov;94(5):2531-43. doi: 10.1121/1.407365.
Simultaneous aerodynamic, acoustic, and kinematic measurements from the laryngeal and respiratory systems were made in order to study mechanisms for changing vocal intensity. Aerodynamic and acoustic measures include an approximation of open quotient, maximum flow declination rate, alternating glottal airflow, estimated tracheal pressure, sound pressure level, and fundamental frequency. Respiratory measures included lung volume, rib cage, and abdominal displacements. Adults were used as a comparison group to twenty 4-year-olds and twenty 8-year-olds. Laryngeal and respiratory results indicate that speech production differences between the children and adults are based both on size and function. For example, children's absolute anteroposterior diameters of the rib cage are smaller than adults, but their rib cage movement is larger and encompasses a different range during speech breathing. Since children are functionally different than adults, age specific speech production models need to be developed.
为了研究改变嗓音强度的机制，对喉和呼吸系统进行了同步的空气动力学、声学和运动学测量。空气动力学和声学测量包括开口商近似值、最大流量下降率、交替声门气流、估计气管压力、声压级和基频。呼吸测量包括肺容积、胸廓和腹部位移。将成年人作为20名4岁儿童和20名8岁儿童的对照组。喉和呼吸结果表明，儿童和成年人在言语产生方面的差异基于大小和功能。例如，儿童胸廓的绝对前后径比成年人小，但他们的胸廓运动更大，并且在言语呼吸过程中涵盖不同的范围。由于儿童在功能上与成年人不同，因此需要开发针对特定年龄的言语产生模型。
