Lee H, Wang L, Shih J F
Environmental Toxicological Center, Chung Shan Medical and Dental College, Taichung, Taiwan.
Mutat Res. 1995 Mar;346(3):135-44. doi: 10.1016/0165-7992(95)90045-4.
Carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) have been identified in airborne particulate organic matter extracts. The pollutant sources were generally contributed by motor vehicles and industrial activity. Massive quantities of urban solid wastes, containing plastic materials such as PVC, PET, PS, and PE, burnt in the open air in local garbage dumps are frequently found in developing countries. In this study, the smog particulates from the combustion of these synthetic polymers were produced in a laboratory combustion chamber. The mutagenicity of acetone extracts from the smog particulates was evaluated with Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 in the presence and absence of S9 mix. Four samples in TA98 exhibited higher mutagenicity than those in TA100. The greatest mutagenicity was observed from the extracts of particulates from combustion of PVC followed by that of PS, PET, and PE. To determine the major mutagenic compounds in these samples, mutagens were partially purified through TLC and their mutagenicity was monitored with TA98. 1-NP and DNPs in the above samples were also determined by HPLC. The amounts of 1-NP and DNPs generally corresponded with their mutagenicity. Higher levels of 1-NP and DNPs were generated from the combustion of PVC, PET, and PS. The combustion of synthetic polymer wastes might be responsible for the presence of high levels of 1-NP and DNPs in Taiwan urban air.
在空气中颗粒物有机提取物中已鉴定出致癌性多环芳烃（PAHs）和硝基多环芳烃（nitro-PAHs）。污染物来源通常是机动车和工业活动。在发展中国家，经常可以看到大量含有PVC、PET、PS和PE等塑料材料的城市固体废物在当地垃圾场露天焚烧。在本研究中，这些合成聚合物燃烧产生的烟雾颗粒物是在实验室燃烧室中生成的。利用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌TA98和TA100在有和没有S9混合物的情况下评估了烟雾颗粒物丙酮提取物的致突变性。TA98中的四个样品比TA100中的样品表现出更高的致突变性。观察到PVC燃烧产生的颗粒物提取物致突变性最强，其次是PS、PET和PE。为了确定这些样品中的主要致突变化合物，通过薄层层析对诱变剂进行了部分纯化，并用TA98监测其致突变性。还通过高效液相色谱法测定了上述样品中的1-硝基芘（1-NP）和二硝基芘（DNPs）。1-NP和DNPs的含量通常与其致突变性相对应。PVC、PET和PS燃烧产生的1-NP和DNPs水平较高。合成聚合物废物的燃烧可能是台湾城市空气中高含量1-NP和DNPs存在的原因。
