Watanabe K K, Kang H K, Dalager N A
Environmental Epidemiology Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC 20036-3406, USA.
Am J Public Health. 1995 Apr;85(4):523-7. doi: 10.2105/ajph.85.4.523.
This study was undertaken to determine if Navy veterans who participated in an atmospheric nuclear test in 1958 were at increased risk of death from certain cancers.
Cancer mortality risk of 8554 Navy veterans who participated in an atmospheric nuclear test in the Pacific was compared with that of 14,625 Navy veterans who did not participate in any test. Radiation dosage information was obtained from film badges for 88% of the test participants.
The median radiation dose for the test participants was 388 mrem (3.88 millisieverts [mSv]). Among participants who received the highest radiation dose (> 1000 mrem, or 10 mSv), an increased mortality risk for all causes (relative risk [RR] = 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04, 1.45), all cancers (RR = 1.42; 95% CI = 1.03, 1.96), and liver cancer (RR = 6.42; 95% CI = 1.17, 35.3) was observed. The risk for cancer of the digestive organs was elevated among test participants (rate ratio = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.06, 2.04) but with no significant dose-response trend. Many of the cancers of a priori interest were not significantly elevated in the overall test participant group or in the group that received the highest radiation dose.
Most of the cancers suspected of being radiogenic were not significantly elevated among the test participants. Nevertheless, increased risks for certain cancers cannot be ruled out at this time. Veterans who participated in the nuclear weapons tests should continue to be monitored.
本研究旨在确定1958年参与大气层核试验的海军退伍军人患某些癌症死亡的风险是否增加。
将8554名参与太平洋大气层核试验的海军退伍军人的癌症死亡率风险与14625名未参与任何试验的海军退伍军人的癌症死亡率风险进行比较。88%的试验参与者的辐射剂量信息来自胶片剂量计。
试验参与者的中位辐射剂量为388毫雷姆（3.88毫希沃特[mSv]）。在接受最高辐射剂量（>1000毫雷姆，或10 mSv）的参与者中，观察到所有原因的死亡风险增加（相对风险[RR]=1.23；95%置信区间[CI]=1.04，1.45），所有癌症（RR=1.42；95% CI=1.03，1.96），以及肝癌（RR=6.42；95% CI=1.17，35.3）。试验参与者中消化器官癌症的风险有所升高（率比=1.47；95% CI=1.06，2.04），但没有明显的剂量反应趋势。许多预先关注的癌症在总体试验参与者组或接受最高辐射剂量的组中没有显著升高。
在试验参与者中，大多数疑似由辐射引起的癌症没有显著升高。然而，目前不能排除某些癌症风险增加的可能性。参与核武器试验的退伍军人应继续接受监测。
