Samet J M, Pepelko W E, Sonawane B, Hatch G E, Driscoll K E, Oberdörster G
Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina.
Environ Health Perspect. 1994 Dec;102 Suppl 10(Suppl 10):209-13. doi: 10.1289/ehp.94102s10209.
The assessment of risks to human health associated with exposure to oxidant air pollutants has not received adequate attention despite the recognized public health threat posed by the ubiquitous presence of these compounds in the environment. In this article, research needs and uncertainties at each of the steps in the risk assessment of oxidant air pollutants are identified: hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. Many of these limitations and uncertainties arise at the interface between the laboratory and the regulatory arenas. Therefore, as a case study, relevant methodologic problems associated with the application of experimental findings to the risk assessment of respirable dusts are also discussed. These issues include the extrapolation of animal data to the human case and extrapolation from high-dose to environmentally relevant, low-level exposures.
尽管环境中普遍存在这些化合物对公众健康构成了公认的威胁，但与接触氧化性空气污染物相关的人类健康风险评估尚未得到充分关注。在本文中，确定了氧化性空气污染物风险评估各步骤中的研究需求和不确定性：危害识别、剂量反应评估、暴露评估和风险特征描述。这些局限性和不确定性中的许多都出现在实验室和监管领域的交界处。因此，作为一个案例研究，还讨论了与将实验结果应用于可吸入粉尘风险评估相关的方法学问题。这些问题包括将动物数据外推至人类情况，以及从高剂量外推至与环境相关的低水平暴露。
