Romagnani S
University of Florence, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Italy.
Curr Opin Immunol. 1994 Dec;6(6):838-46. doi: 10.1016/0952-7915(94)90002-7.
In the last few years evidence has been accumulated to suggest that allergen-reactive type 2 T helper (Th2) cells play a triggering role in the activation and/or recruitment of IgE antibody-producing B cells, mast cells and eosinophils, the cellular triad involved in the allergic inflammation. Interleukin (IL)-4 production by a still unknown cell type (T-cell subset, mast cell/basophil?) at the time of antigen presentation to the Th cell is critical for the development of Th2 cells. Other cytokines, such as IL-1 and IL-10, and hormones, such as calcitriol and progesterone, also play a favoring role. In contrast, cytokines such as interferon-alpha, interferon-gamma, IL-12 and transforming growth factor-beta, and hormones, such as dehydroepiandrostenone, play a negative regulatory role in the development of Th2 cells. However, the mechanisms underlying the preferential activation by environmental allergens of Th2 cells in atopic subjects still remain obscure. Among the possibilities are alterations to molecular mechanisms directly involved in the regulation of IL-4 gene expression or deficient regulatory activity of cytokines that antagonize Th2 cells.
在过去几年中，已有证据表明，过敏原反应性2型辅助性T细胞（Th2细胞）在激活和/或募集产生IgE抗体的B细胞、肥大细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞（参与过敏性炎症的细胞三联征）中起触发作用。在抗原呈递给Th细胞时，一种仍未知的细胞类型（T细胞亚群、肥大细胞/嗜碱性粒细胞？）产生的白细胞介素（IL）-4对Th2细胞的发育至关重要。其他细胞因子，如IL-1和IL-10，以及激素，如骨化三醇和孕酮，也起促进作用。相反，细胞因子，如α干扰素、γ干扰素、IL-12和转化生长因子-β，以及激素，如脱氢表雄酮，在Th2细胞的发育中起负调节作用。然而，特应性个体中环境过敏原优先激活Th2细胞的潜在机制仍不清楚。可能的原因包括直接参与IL-4基因表达调控的分子机制改变，或拮抗Th2细胞的细胞因子的调节活性不足。
