Sharp T W, Hyams K C, Watts D, Trofa A F, Martin G J, Kapikian A Z, Green K Y, Jiang X, Estes M K, Waack M
U.S. Navy Environmental and Preventive Medicine Unit No. 7, Naples, Italy.
J Med Virol. 1995 Jan;45(1):61-7. doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890450112.
A large outbreak of acute gastroenteritis occurred over a 5-week period aboard an aircraft carrier. The estimated cumulative attack rate was 13% among the 4,500-man crew. Eight percent of the crew sought medical attention, nearly all of whom missed 1 day or more of work. The risk of developing illness was 2 to 3 times greater for individuals living in more crowded sleeping quarters (> 50 persons per compartment). Occurrence of gastroenteritis was associated with a fourfold or more rise in Norwalk virus antibody levels, as measured by an enzyme-linked immunoassay utilizing a baculovirus expressed recombinant antigen. In addition, 27 nm Norwalk virus-like particles were visualized in two of six stools examined by immune electron microscopy. The presence of a low (< 1:50) or a high (> or = 1:6,400) pre-illness antibody level was associated with a lower incidence of illness. This investigation indicates that Norwalk virus can adversely impact operations of a military vessel and that crowding is a major risk factor in transmission.
在一艘航空母舰上，5周内发生了一次大规模急性肠胃炎疫情。在4500人的船员中，估计累计发病率为13%。8%的船员寻求医疗救治，几乎所有人都缺勤1天或更长时间。居住在更拥挤睡眠舱室（每舱室>50人）的个体患病风险高出2至3倍。通过使用杆状病毒表达重组抗原的酶联免疫吸附测定法测量，肠胃炎的发生与诺如病毒抗体水平升高四倍或更多有关。此外，在通过免疫电子显微镜检查的六份粪便样本中的两份中，观察到了27纳米的诺如病毒样颗粒。病前抗体水平低（<1:50）或高（>或=1:6400）与较低的发病率相关。这项调查表明，诺如病毒会对军舰的行动产生不利影响，拥挤是传播的主要风险因素。
