Yamauchi H
Department of Public Health, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.
Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi. 1995 Feb;49(6):973-83. doi: 10.1265/jjh.49.973.
This review will describe method for biological monitoring of inorganic arsenic exposure, that delineates the chemical species of arsenic measured in urine. The studies established a method for exposure-level-dependent biological monitoring of inorganic arsenic exposure. Low-level exposure could be monitored only by determining the urinary inorganic arsenic concentration. High-level exposures clearly produced increased urinary inorganic arsenic, methylated arsenic (MA), dimethylated arsenic (DMA) and the sum of urinary inorganic arsenic and its metabolites (inorganic arsenic+MA+DMA) could be determined. Urinary arsenobetaine proved to be specifically seafood-derived arsenic, which could be distinguished from occupational arsenic exposure. There is increased use of gallium arsenide and indium arsenide in the semiconductor industry today. The determination of arsenic in ambient air is difficult to carry out in semiconductor factories. Monitoring arsenic exposure by determining the arsenic in the hair appeared to be of value only when used for environmental monitoring of arsenic rather than for biological monitoring.
本综述将描述无机砷暴露生物监测的方法，该方法可确定尿液中所测砷的化学形态。这些研究建立了一种根据暴露水平对无机砷暴露进行生物监测的方法。低水平暴露只能通过测定尿中无机砷浓度来监测。高水平暴露明显导致尿中无机砷增加，此时可测定甲基化砷（MA）、二甲基化砷（DMA）以及尿中无机砷及其代谢产物的总和（无机砷+MA+DMA）。尿中砷甜菜碱被证明是特定的源自海鲜的砷，可与职业性砷暴露区分开来。如今半导体行业中砷化镓和砷化铟的使用日益增加。在半导体工厂中，很难对环境空气中的砷进行测定。通过测定头发中的砷来监测砷暴露，似乎只有在用于砷的环境监测而非生物监测时才有价值。
