Eckstein F, Sittek H, Milz S, Putz R, Reiser M
Institut für Radiologische Diagnostik, Klinikum Grosshadern, München, Germany.
Surg Radiol Anat. 1994;16(4):429-38. doi: 10.1007/BF01627667.
Quantitative assessment of cartilage volume and thickness in a formalin-alcohol fixed specimen of a human patella was conducted with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as it is still unclear whether the morphology of normal and damaged cartilage can be accurately demonstrated with this technique. MR imaging was carried out at 1.0 T (section thickness 2 mm, in-plane-resolution 0.39-0.58 mm) with the following pulse sequences: 1) T1-weighted spin-echo, 2) 3D-MPRAGE, 3) 3D-FISP, 4) 3D-MTC-FISP, 5) 3D-DESS, 6) 3D-FLASH. Following imaging, the patella was sectioned perpendicular to the articular surface at intervals of 2 mm with a diamond band-saw. The volume of its cartilage was determined from the anatomical sections and the MR images, using a Vidas IPS 10 image analysing system (Kontron). Measurements were carried out with and without the low-signal layer in the transitional zone between the articular cartilage and the subchondral bone. If the low-signal layer was included, the volume was overestimated with MRI by 16 to 19%. Without the low-signal layer the volumes were less than those determined from the anatomical sections: T1-SE-18.2%, MPRAGE -22.6%, FISP -17.1%, MTC-FISP -9.5%, DESS -9.3% and FLASH -6.1%. The coefficient of variation for a 6-fold determination of the volume amounted to between 6.2% (T1-SE) and 2.6% (FLASH). The FLASH sequence allowed the most valid and reproducible assessment of the cartilage morphology. The remaining difference from the real volume of the cartilage may be due to the fact that the calcified zone of the cartilage is not delineated by MRI.
利用磁共振成像（MRI）对人髌骨的福尔马林 - 酒精固定标本中的软骨体积和厚度进行了定量评估，因为目前仍不清楚该技术能否准确显示正常和受损软骨的形态。在1.0 T磁场下进行磁共振成像（层厚2 mm，平面分辨率0.39 - 0.58 mm），采用以下脉冲序列：1）T1加权自旋回波序列；2）三维磁化准备快速梯度回波序列（3D - MPRAGE）；3）三维快速成像稳态进动序列（3D - FISP）；4）三维磁化传递快速成像稳态进动序列（3D - MTC - FISP）；5）三维双激发稳态进动序列（3D - DESS）；6）三维快速小角度激发序列（3D - FLASH）。成像后，用金刚石带锯以2 mm的间隔垂直于关节面剖切髌骨。使用Vidas IPS 10图像分析系统（康强电子公司）从解剖切片和磁共振图像中确定其软骨体积。在有和没有关节软骨与软骨下骨之间过渡区的低信号层的情况下进行测量。如果包括低信号层，MRI测量的体积会高估16%至19%。不包括低信号层时，测量的体积小于从解剖切片确定的体积：T1加权自旋回波序列（T1 - SE）低估18.2%，三维磁化准备快速梯度回波序列（MPRAGE）低估22.6%，三维快速成像稳态进动序列（FISP）低估17.1%，三维磁化传递快速成像稳态进动序列（MTC - FISP）低估9.5%，三维双激发稳态进动序列（DESS）低估9.3%，三维快速小角度激发序列（FLASH）低估6.1%。对体积进行6次测定的变异系数在6.2%（T1 - SE）至2.6%（FLASH）之间。三维快速小角度激发序列（FLASH）能对软骨形态进行最有效且可重复的评估。与软骨实际体积的剩余差异可能是由于MRI未描绘出软骨的钙化区。
