Held P, Olsson G
Astra Hässle AB, Mölndal, Sweden.
Can J Cardiol. 1995 Apr;11 Suppl B:11B-13B.
Organic nitrates are among the oldest drugs used in the management of patients with ischemic heart disease. The most frequently used nitrates are nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate and isosorbide-5-mononitrate. Their duration of action can be influenced by choice of substance, frequency of administration, formulation (eg, extended release) and route of administration. As well as providing effective treatment of acute angina, nitrates produce a long term prophylactic effect. Stable plasma nitroglycerin levels lasting longer than 10 to 12 h are not desirable due to the rapid development of tolerance. Simple, well-designed dosing schedules can avoid tolerance and rebound phenomena and can improve patient compliance.
有机硝酸盐是用于治疗缺血性心脏病患者的最古老药物之一。最常用的硝酸盐是硝酸甘油、硝酸异山梨酯和5-单硝酸异山梨酯。其作用持续时间可受药物选择、给药频率、剂型（如缓释剂型）和给药途径的影响。除了能有效治疗急性心绞痛外，硝酸盐还具有长期预防作用。由于耐受性会迅速发展，因此持续超过10至12小时的稳定血浆硝酸甘油水平是不理想的。简单、精心设计的给药方案可以避免耐受性和反跳现象，并可提高患者的依从性。
