Grossman D C, Rauh M J, Rivara F P
Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1995 May;149(5):529-32. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1995.02170180059008.
To determine the prevalence of corporal punishment in Washington State and the factors associated with its use in Washington elementary and secondary schools.
Cross-sectional mail survey performed during the summer of 1992.
All elementary and secondary schools in the state of Washington.
One thousand eighteen schools (47%) responded to the survey, of which 80% were publicly funded and 63% were located in urban areas. The study sample closely resembled the profile of all schools in the state. Almost 11% of participating schools permitted corporal punishment at the time of the survey and 3.2% reported its actual use during the 1991-1992 school year, resulting in an estimated prevalence of 7.2 incidents per 1000 students per year. Sixteen percent of corporal punishment actions occurred in schools not permitting its use. Ninety percent of public schools relied on district policy regarding corporal punishment. School characteristics associated with the use of corporal punishment included rural location (crude odds ratio, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 3.4), enrollment of less than 500 students (crude odds ratio, 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 2.7), and kindergarten to eighth-grade or kindergarten to 12th-grade enrollment (crude odds ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.6 to 3.9).
The lack of a statewide ban on school corporal punishment at the time of this survey was associated with the continued use of corporal punishment against children in districts that continued to permit it. School policies against corporal punishment were associated with much lower prevalence. Continued efforts are needed to enact and enforce laws in the remaining states that have not yet banned corporal punishment.
确定华盛顿州体罚的流行程度以及华盛顿中小学使用体罚的相关因素。
1992年夏季进行的横断面邮寄调查。
华盛顿州所有中小学。
1018所学校（47%）回复了调查，其中80%由公共资金资助，63%位于城市地区。研究样本与该州所有学校的概况非常相似。在调查时，近11%的参与学校允许体罚，3.2%报告在1991 - 1992学年实际使用了体罚，估计每年每1000名学生中有7.2起体罚事件。16%的体罚行为发生在不允许体罚的学校。90%的公立学校依赖学区关于体罚的政策。与使用体罚相关的学校特征包括地处农村（粗比值比，2.2；95%置信区间，1.5至3.4）、学生人数少于500人（粗比值比，1.7；95%置信区间，1.1至2.7）以及幼儿园至八年级或幼儿园至十二年级的招生规模（粗比值比，2.5；95%置信区间，1.6至3.9）。
本次调查时该州缺乏对学校体罚的全面禁令，这与在仍允许体罚的地区继续对儿童使用体罚有关。反对体罚的学校政策与低得多的流行率相关。仍需继续努力，在尚未禁止体罚的其余各州制定并执行相关法律。
