Noor N M
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford.
Br J Soc Psychol. 1995 Mar;34 ( Pt 1):87-106. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8309.1995.tb01050.x.
Previous research on women has focused on the influence of the overall work- or family-role experiences rather than on the specific characteristics of each role. Using multidimensional measures of work- and family-role experiences, this study first examined (Time 1) the additive cumulative contributions of role experiences in the prediction of women's well-being (happiness and symptoms of psychological distress). While work overload significantly predicted distress at Time 2, none of the family-role variables were related to well-being. Second, as the sample was made up of two groups of women who differed in occupational status (secretaries and professional women), it was possible that the effects of overload on distress might be conditioned by occupational status. The group X overload interaction term was found to be highly significant (p < .007); high occupational status moderated the negative effects of work overload. By contrast, secretaries were adversely affected by work overload. These results are discussed in relation to the existing literature, with reference to women's work and family roles in relation to well-being, and the effects of occupational status on health outcomes.
以往针对女性的研究主要关注整体工作或家庭角色经历的影响，而非每个角色的具体特征。本研究采用工作和家庭角色经历的多维测量方法，首先考察了（时间1）角色经历在预测女性幸福感（幸福度和心理困扰症状）方面的累加累积贡献。虽然工作负荷过重在时间2时显著预测了困扰，但没有一个家庭角色变量与幸福感相关。其次，由于样本由两组职业地位不同的女性组成（秘书和职业女性），工作负荷过重对困扰的影响可能会受到职业地位的制约。发现组X负荷交互项非常显著（p <.007）；高职业地位缓和了工作负荷过重的负面影响。相比之下，秘书受到工作负荷过重的不利影响。将结合现有文献讨论这些结果，涉及女性工作和家庭角色与幸福感的关系，以及职业地位对健康结果的影响。
