Spetch M L
Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 1995 Apr;21(2):166-81. doi: 10.1037//0097-7403.21.2.166.
Overshadowing in landmark learning was studied in pigeons and undergraduates using a touch-screen spatial search task. Ss searched for an unmarked goal presented in varied locations on a computer screen. Graphic stimuli served as landmarks. The effect of the presence of other landmarks on the control acquired by a given landmark was assessed using a design in which each S was trained with 2 sets of landmarks. Both pigeons (Experiment 1) and humans (Experiments 2-4) showed evidence of learning more about a landmark that was the closest landmark of its set to the goal than about a landmark that was of equal distance to the goal but was not the closest landmark of its set. That is, control by a landmark was overshadowed when it occurred together with a landmark that was closer to the goal. Landmark effectiveness appears to depend not only on the absolute properties of a landmark but on relative factors. The relevance of basic principles of associative learning to spatial landmark learning is discussed.
利用触屏空间搜索任务，在鸽子和大学生中研究了地标学习中的遮蔽效应。被试在电脑屏幕上不同位置搜索一个无标记的目标。图形刺激作为地标。通过一种设计评估其他地标的存在对给定地标所获得控制的影响，即每个被试接受两组地标训练。鸽子（实验1）和人类（实验2 - 4）均显示出证据，表明相比与目标距离相等但不是其所在组中最接近目标的地标，被试对其所在组中最接近目标的地标学习更多。也就是说，当地标与更接近目标的地标同时出现时，该地标所产生的控制会被遮蔽。地标有效性似乎不仅取决于地标的绝对属性，还取决于相对因素。讨论了联想学习的基本原理与空间地标学习的相关性。
