Cheadle A, Psaty B M, Diehr P, Koepsell T, Wagner E, Curry S, Kristal A
Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA.
Prev Med. 1995 Jan;24(1):71-9. doi: 10.1006/pmed.1995.1010.
This paper examines whether an "environmental indicator"--a survey of grocery store product displays--can provide a realistic alternative to individual-level telephone surveys for the evaluation of community-based nutrition programs.
Telephone and grocery store measures were used separately to evaluate three community-level dietary interventions that were part of the Kaiser Family Foundation Community Health Promotion Grants Program (CHPGP). Both surveys were conducted in the three intervention and seven control communities at three points in time: 1988, 1990, and 1992. The grocery store survey recorded the relative availability of low-fat and high-fiber products and the amount of store-provided health-education information. Self-reported dietary intake of residents was obtained in the same communities using a telephone survey.
In the one community in which the intervention seemed to have contributed to reduced fat consumption, the grocery store and telephone surveys showed very similar relative changes for the only variable they had in common, low-fat milk consumption. In another community, both survey approaches indicated that there was no change or perhaps a slight worsening in the treatment relative to the controls. The third community produced the only contradictory results: the telephone survey suggested no change or perhaps a worsening, while the grocery store results were generally positive, though not statistically significant.
These results, combined with the much lower cost of the grocery store survey, justify further pursuit of environmental indicators as an evaluation tool.
本文探讨一种“环境指标”——对杂货店产品陈列的调查——能否为评估社区营养项目提供一种切实可行的替代个人层面电话调查的方法。
分别使用电话调查和杂货店调查来评估三项社区层面的饮食干预措施，这些措施是凯撒家庭基金会社区健康促进资助项目（CHPGP）的一部分。两项调查均在三个干预社区和七个对照社区于三个时间点进行：1988年、1990年和1992年。杂货店调查记录了低脂和高纤维产品的相对可得性以及商店提供的健康教育信息的数量。在相同社区通过电话调查获取居民自我报告的饮食摄入量。
在一个干预似乎有助于减少脂肪摄入量的社区，杂货店调查和电话调查对于它们唯一共同的变量——低脂牛奶消费，显示出非常相似的相对变化。在另一个社区，两种调查方法均表明与对照相比，干预措施没有变化或可能略有恶化。第三个社区产生了唯一相互矛盾的结果：电话调查表明没有变化或可能恶化，而杂货店调查结果总体呈阳性，尽管无统计学意义。
这些结果，再加上杂货店调查成本低得多，证明进一步将环境指标作为一种评估工具是合理的。
