Ericsson K A, Kintsch W
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee 32306-1051, USA.
Psychol Rev. 1995 Apr;102(2):211-45. doi: 10.1037/0033-295x.102.2.211.
To account for the large demands on working memory during text comprehension and expert performance, the traditional models of working memory involving temporary storage must be extended to include working memory based on storage in long-term memory. In the proposed theoretical framework cognitive processes are viewed as a sequence of stable states representing end products of processing. In skilled activities, acquired memory skills allow these end products to be stored in long-term memory and kept directly accessible by means of retrieval cues in short-term memory, as proposed by skilled memory theory. These theoretical claims are supported by a review of evidence on memory in text comprehension and expert performance in such domains as mental calculation, medical diagnosis, and chess.
为了解释文本理解和专家表现过程中对工作记忆的巨大需求，涉及临时存储的传统工作记忆模型必须加以扩展，以纳入基于长期记忆存储的工作记忆。在所提出的理论框架中，认知过程被视为代表加工最终产物的一系列稳定状态。在熟练活动中，如熟练记忆理论所提出的，习得的记忆技能使这些最终产物能够存储在长期记忆中，并通过短期记忆中的检索线索直接获取。文本理解中的记忆证据以及心算、医学诊断和国际象棋等领域的专家表现方面的证据综述支持了这些理论主张。
