Kruley P, Sciama S C, Glenberg A M
Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
Mem Cognit. 1994 May;22(3):261-72. doi: 10.3758/bf03200853.
We present evidence that the comprehension of illustrated text makes use of the visuospatial sketchpad component of working memory. The results from three experiments demonstrate that the comprehending of texts that are accompanied by pictures interferes with the performance of a spatial short-term memory task more than does the comprehending of texts that have no pictures. A fourth experiment demonstrates that the interference is found only when there is a requirement to comprehend the text; that is, the simple presentation of the texts and their pictures did not degrade performance on the spatial task. Finally, we show that the comprehension of illustrated texts does not differentially interfere with a verbal short-term memory task. These results are consistent with the claim that illustrations accompanying a text encourage the formation of a spatial mental model with the use of the working memory's sketchpad.
我们提供的证据表明，对配有插图的文本的理解会利用工作记忆中的视觉空间画板组件。三项实验的结果表明，与理解无图片的文本相比，理解配有图片的文本对空间短期记忆任务的表现干扰更大。第四项实验表明，只有在需要理解文本时才会出现干扰；也就是说，文本及其图片的简单呈现不会降低空间任务的表现。最后，我们表明，对配有插图的文本的理解不会对言语短期记忆任务产生不同的干扰。这些结果与以下观点一致，即文本所配的插图会利用工作记忆的画板促使形成空间心理模型。
