Stewart B M
Lienhard School of Nursing, Pace University, USA.
Sch Inq Nurs Pract. 1994 Winter;8(4):321-52; discussion 353-9.
End-of-life decision-making is conceptualized as the foreground against the background of a family, transitional model of illness with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Both foreground and background represent new knowledge and theory development emerging from six research studies over a 7-year period. The research was phenomenological, longitudinal, ethnographic, descriptive survey, narrative, and grounded using the constant comparative method. In all, 100 families were studied in their home settings in the District of Columbia and 29 states across the United States. Throughout the transitional process from disclosure of HIV through bereavement, families engaged in end-of-life decision-making. Their decision-making style was primarily cognitive or primarily emotional or somewhere in between. Families using a cognitive style of decision-making were less disrupted and more able to surmount hurdles and move toward goals. Exemplars from 23 families illustrated family decision-making and components of the transitional, family model.
临终决策被概念化为以感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的家庭疾病过渡模式为背景的前景。前景和背景都代表了在7年期间六项研究中出现的新知识和理论发展。这些研究采用现象学、纵向、民族志、描述性调查、叙事性研究方法，并运用持续比较法进行扎根研究。总共对美国哥伦比亚特区和29个州的100个家庭在其家中进行了研究。在从HIV披露到丧亲的整个过渡过程中，家庭参与了临终决策。他们的决策风格主要是认知型、情感型或介于两者之间。采用认知型决策风格的家庭受到的干扰较少，更有能力克服障碍并朝着目标前进。来自23个家庭的范例展示了家庭决策以及过渡性家庭模式的组成部分。
