Hamers J P, Abu-Saad H H, Halfens R J, Schumacher J N
Department of Nursing Science, University of Limburg, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
J Adv Nurs. 1994 Nov;20(5):853-60. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1994.20050853.x.
Research is lacking on factors influencing nurses' decision-making directed at the diagnosis of pain in children and its related interventions. This paper reports on two studies, namely a qualitative study and its replication, in which we explored factors influencing nurses' pain assessments and interventions in children. Those factors found to influence nurses' decisions were: medical diagnosis, child's expressions, age, and parents, and the nurses' knowledge, experience, attitude and workload. Some of these factors seem to have more influence than others. For example, the presence of a medical diagnosis seems to legitimate being in pain. Furthermore, it is suggested that mainly vocal expressions, especially crying, influence nurses' decisions to administer analgesics. Finally, nurses' negative views on non-narcotic analgesics were striking. In this paper, the results of both studies and their relationship to information reported in the literature are further elaborated and discussed, and hypotheses on strength and direction of influence of factors on pain assessment and intervention are generated.
关于影响护士对儿童疼痛诊断及相关干预措施决策的因素，目前研究尚缺。本文报告了两项研究，即一项定性研究及其重复研究，我们在其中探讨了影响护士对儿童疼痛评估及干预的因素。发现影响护士决策的因素有：医学诊断、儿童的表情、年龄、父母，以及护士的知识、经验、态度和工作量。其中一些因素似乎比其他因素影响更大。例如，医学诊断的存在似乎使疼痛变得合理。此外，主要是有声的表达，尤其是哭泣，似乎会影响护士给予镇痛药的决策。最后，护士对非麻醉性镇痛药的负面看法很突出。本文进一步阐述和讨论了两项研究的结果及其与文献中报道信息的关系，并提出了关于各因素对疼痛评估和干预影响的强度及方向的假设。
