Schaison-Cusin M, Vignal-Clermont C
Service de neurochirurgie I, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris.
Rev Prat. 1995 Feb 15;45(4):447-51.
Amaurosis is an organic loss of visual acuity which can attain blindness and which occurs suddenly in the absence of other ophthalmological changes. It constitutes an ophthalmologic emergency requiring a careful aetiologic work-up in order to determine therapy. We will discuss various aetiologies of amaurosis and its treatment. Amaurosis can be of ophthalmologic origin, i.e., retinal vascular occlusion of neuro-ophthalmologic origin, or ischaemic and inflammatory neuropathy, or it can present as transient unilateral blindness in carotid pathology, during cardiac embolism and in some haematologic disorders. Such unilateral transient blindness can at any time become complicated by definitive ischaemia; it is thus urgent to detect the mechanisms in order to institute treatment. Since the causes of amaurosis are varied, the importance of history taking must be underlined in order to determine the circumstances of the loss of vision, its characteristics and the existence of accompanying signs.
黑矇是一种视力的器质性丧失，可导致失明，且在无其他眼科病变的情况下突然发生。它构成眼科急症，需要进行仔细的病因检查以确定治疗方案。我们将讨论黑矇的各种病因及其治疗方法。黑矇可能源于眼科疾病，即视网膜血管阻塞、神经眼科疾病引起的缺血性和炎性神经病变，也可能表现为颈动脉病变、心脏栓塞及某些血液系统疾病时的一过性单眼失明。这种单侧一过性失明随时可能因确定性缺血而变得复杂；因此，迫切需要查明发病机制以便进行治疗。由于黑矇的病因多种多样，必须强调病史采集的重要性，以确定视力丧失的情况、其特征以及伴随症状的存在。
