Shokri Azar, Sabzevari Sadaf, Hashemi Seyed Ahmad
Vector-borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
Parasite Epidemiol Control. 2020 Mar 12;9:e00144. doi: 10.1016/j.parepi.2020.e00144. eCollection 2020 May.
Outbreaks of infectious diseases are the major concern after flooding. Flood makes people displacement which would be more complicated with inadequate sanitation. Settling in crowded shelters in absence of clean water and inaccessibility to health care services makes people more vulnerable to get infection. This review aimed to discuss about potential undesirable outcomes of flooding occurred in 2019 in Iran.
A comprehensive search was carried out in databases including PubMed, Google scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, Iran medex, Magiran and SID (Scientific information database) from 2000 to 2019. All original descriptive articles on flood were concerned. Related articles on flood disturbance were considered. Also, publication of red cross society was considered as only reliable reference in evaluation of consequences of flood occurred in 2019 in Iran.
Flooding in Iran, was started in March 2019 and lasted to April 2019. Flood affected 31 provinces and 140 rivers burst their banks, and southwestern Iran being hit most severely. According the reports of international federation of red cross society, 3800 cities and villages were affected by the floods with 65,000 destroyed houses and 114,000 houses partially damaged. Also 70 hospitals or health care centers with 1200 schools were damaged along with many infrastructures including 159 main roads and 700 bridges.
Considering 365,000 displaced persons and estimation of mentioned damages, it was one of the greatest natural disaster during the last 20 years. Various risk factors in favor of infectious diseases such as overcrowding, disruption of sewage disposal, poor standards of hygiene, poor nutrition, negligible sanitation and human contact among refugees provide suitable conditions for increased incidence of infectious diseases after flooding and also cause epidemics.More attention is needed to provide hygienic situation for people after natural disasters including flood.
传染病爆发是洪灾之后的主要担忧。洪水导致人们流离失所，而卫生设施不足会使情况更加复杂。在缺乏清洁水且无法获得医疗服务的情况下，人们聚集在拥挤的避难所，这使得他们更容易受到感染。本综述旨在探讨2019年伊朗洪水可能产生的不良后果。
在2000年至2019年期间，对包括PubMed、谷歌学术、Scopus、科学Direct、伊朗医学数据库、Magiran和SID（科学信息数据库）在内的数据库进行了全面搜索。纳入所有关于洪水的原始描述性文章。考虑了与洪水干扰相关的文章。此外，红十字会的出版物被视为评估2019年伊朗洪水后果的唯一可靠参考。
伊朗的洪水始于2019年3月，持续到2019年4月。洪水影响了31个省份，140条河流决堤，伊朗西南部受灾最严重。根据红十字会国际联合会的报告，3800个城市和村庄受到洪水影响，65000所房屋被摧毁，114000所房屋部分受损。此外，70家医院或医疗中心以及1200所学校受损，还有许多基础设施，包括159条主要道路和700座桥梁。
考虑到36.5万流离失所者以及上述损失估计，这是过去20年中最严重的自然灾害之一。各种有利于传染病传播的风险因素，如过度拥挤污水排放中断、卫生标准差、营养不良、卫生条件可忽略不计以及难民之间的人际接触，为洪水后传染病发病率上升提供了适宜条件，还会引发疫情。在包括洪水在内的自然灾害之后，需要更加关注为人们提供卫生条件。
