Stoohs R A, Bingham L A, Itoi A, Guilleminault C, Dement W C
Stanford Sleep Disorders Clinic and Research Center, Palo Alto, Calif., USA.
Chest. 1995 May;107(5):1275-82. doi: 10.1378/chest.107.5.1275.
We have performed a study assessing the prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in a large US trucking company using a validated portable monitor (MESAM-4) and a validated symptom questionnaire. Three hundred eighty-eight drivers with a mean age of 36 years filled out the questionnaire. One hundred fifty-nine drivers with a mean age of 35 years spent the night at the terminal hub where they underwent monitoring for identification of sleep-disordered breathing. The drivers also had blood pressure recorded while awake, seated, and after 15 min of quiet rest. Seventy-eight percent of the drivers had an oxygen desaturation index (ODI) > or = 5 per hour of sleep; 10% had an ODI > or = 30 per hour of sleep. There was a significant difference in the body mass index (BMI) between drivers with ODI < 5 and drivers with ODI > or = 5 (25.7 +/- 6.0 kg/m2 in drivers with ODI < 5 vs 29.0 +/- 6.3 kg/m2 in drivers with ODI > or = 5, p < 0.001). Sixteen percent of all drivers tested were hypertensive. Twelve percent were unaware of their hypertension. Hypertensive drivers were significantly more overweight (p < 0.0001), slept more restlessly (p < 0.04), took more naps (p < 0.03), and woke up more frequently during the night (p < 0.005). About 20% of drivers presented symptoms indicating very regular sleep disturbances. Drivers who had been with the company for more than 1 year were more likely to present daytime fatigue, daytime tiredness, unrestorative sleep, hypertension, and higher BMI. Long-haul truck drivers have very irregular sleep/wake schedules and a high prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing. Chronic sleep/wake disruption and partial, prolonged sleep deprivation may worsen sleep-disordered breathing. This combination of problems may impact significantly on the daytime alertness of truckers.
我们开展了一项研究，使用经过验证的便携式监测仪（MESAM - 4）和经过验证的症状问卷，评估一家大型美国货运公司中睡眠呼吸障碍的患病率。388名平均年龄为36岁的司机填写了问卷。159名平均年龄为35岁的司机在终点站过夜，在那里他们接受监测以确定是否存在睡眠呼吸障碍。这些司机在清醒、坐着以及安静休息15分钟后还测量了血压。78%的司机睡眠期间的氧饱和度下降指数（ODI）≥5次/小时；10%的司机ODI≥30次/小时。ODI＜5的司机与ODI≥5的司机之间的体重指数（BMI）存在显著差异（ODI＜5的司机为25.7±6.0kg/m²，ODI≥5的司机为29.0±6.3kg/m²，p＜0.001）。所有接受测试的司机中有16%患有高血压。12%的人不知道自己患有高血压。高血压司机明显超重更多（p＜0.0001），睡眠更不安稳（p＜0.04），小憩更多（p＜0.03），夜间醒来更频繁（p＜0.005）。约20%的司机出现了表明睡眠严重紊乱的症状。在公司工作超过1年的司机更有可能出现日间疲劳、日间困倦、睡眠无恢复感、高血压以及更高的BMI。长途货运司机的睡眠/觉醒时间表非常不规律，睡眠呼吸障碍的患病率很高。慢性的睡眠/觉醒中断以及部分、长期的睡眠剥夺可能会使睡眠呼吸障碍恶化。这些问题的综合可能会对卡车司机的日间警觉性产生重大影响。
