J Infect Dis. 1995 May;171(5):1097-106. doi: 10.1093/infdis/171.5.1097.
To assess factors that may influence the immunogenicity of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), neutralizing antibody responses were measured in 1409 infants in Brazil and the Gambia who were randomized to receive one of four different formulations of OPV at approximately birth and at 6, 10, and 14 weeks. Overall seroconversion rates at the end of the trial were 85% for poliovirus type 1 (P1), 94% for type 2 (P2), and 68% for type 3 (P3). Factors associated with vaccine failure included high levels of maternal antibody (P1, P2, and P3), vaccination during the rainy season (P1, P2, and P3), diarrhea at the time of vaccination (P2 and P3), household exposure to other OPV recipients (P1), and breast-feeding (P3) (P < .05 for each factor, logistic regression analysis). OPV containing twice the standard potency of Sabin type 1 virus increased seroconversion rates to P1 by 8% in Brazil (P < .05) and 15% in the Gambia (P < .001). Suboptimal responses to OPV in developing countries are determined by a complex array of factors related to the vaccine, host, and environment.
为评估可能影响口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗（OPV）免疫原性的因素，对巴西和冈比亚的1409名婴儿进行了中和抗体反应检测，这些婴儿在出生时以及6周、10周和14周时被随机分配接受四种不同配方OPV中的一种。试验结束时，1型脊髓灰质炎病毒（P1）的总体血清转化率为85%，2型（P2）为94%，3型（P3）为68%。与疫苗接种失败相关的因素包括高水平的母源抗体（P1、P2和P3）、雨季接种疫苗（P1、P2和P3）、接种时腹泻（P2和P3）、家庭中接触其他OPV接种者（P1）以及母乳喂养（P3）（各因素P<0.05，逻辑回归分析）。含有两倍标准效力Sabin 1型病毒的OPV在巴西使P1的血清转化率提高了8%（P<0.05），在冈比亚提高了15%（P<0.001）。发展中国家对OPV的反应欠佳是由一系列与疫苗、宿主和环境相关的复杂因素决定的。
