Bellisle F, Dartois A M, Kleinknecht C, Broyer M
INSERM U341, Hôtel-Dieu, Paris.
Nephrologie. 1995;16(2):203-8.
Children with chronic renal failure (CRF) show a reduced appetite for sweet foods. Sensory responses to sweet stimuli were investigated in 45 children with CRF, 39 dialyzed patients (HD) and 25 controls(C). Two familiar foods were prepared in 5 sucrose concentrations: 1, 5, 10, 15, 20% for soft white cheese (SWC): 10, 20, 30, 40, 60% for apple sauce (AS). When identifying the sweeter of two SWC samples, CRF(15%) and HD (18%) made more mistakes than C (5%). When testing AS, mistakes were comparable between groups (25, 21, 19%). Preferences differed according to diagnosis group. The sweetest SWC was preferred by 40% of CRF and C and by only 22% HD; the least sweet SWC was preferred by 5% of C, 10% of CRF and 16% of HD. In AS, the highest concentrations were preferred by CRF and C, median concentration by HD. Plasma zinc had no clear effect on taste. Altered preferences for sweet foods in patients suggest post-ingestive adverse effects of sucrose resulting from an altered sucrose metabolism.
患有慢性肾衰竭（CRF）的儿童对甜食的食欲下降。对45名慢性肾衰竭儿童、39名透析患者（HD）和25名对照者（C）进行了对甜味刺激的感官反应调查。准备了两种常见食物，有5种蔗糖浓度：软白奶酪（SWC）为1%、5%、10%、15%、20%；苹果酱（AS）为10%、20%、30%、40%、60%。在识别两种软白奶酪样品中较甜的一种时，慢性肾衰竭患者（15%）和透析患者（18%）的错误率高于对照组（5%）。在测试苹果酱时，各组之间的错误率相当（25%、21%、19%）。偏好因诊断组而异。40%的慢性肾衰竭患者和对照组选择了最甜的软白奶酪，而透析患者只有22%；5%的对照组、10%的慢性肾衰竭患者和16%的透析患者选择了最不甜的软白奶酪。在苹果酱方面，慢性肾衰竭患者和对照组更喜欢最高浓度的，透析患者更喜欢中等浓度的。血浆锌对味觉没有明显影响。患者对甜食偏好的改变表明蔗糖代谢改变导致蔗糖摄入后产生不良反应。
