McIlveen K H, Morse J M
Clin Nurs Res. 1995 May;4(2):127-48. doi: 10.1177/105477389500400202.
A total of 621 journal articles and 17 textbooks written by nurses between 1900 and 1980 were coded for the key words comfort, comfortable, comforting, uncomfortable, discomfort, and pain. A content analysis revealed 12 categories explicating differing roles of comfort in nursing and comfort strategies for the provision of nursing care. The emphasis on comfort and the role of comfort changed throughout the eight decades. From 1900 to 1929, comfort was the central focus and moral imperative of nursing; from 1930 to 1959, comfort was considered a strategy for achieving fundamental aspects of nursing care; and from 1960 to 1980, comfort became a minor nursing goal. Although in this last period the physical aspects of care dominated, emotional comfort became increasingly important. Comfort was only significant throughout the entire period for patients for whom there was no medical treatment. The changing role of comfort over time could account for advances in nursing education, medicine, medical technology, and the adoption of theoretical frameworks into nursing.
对1900年至1980年间护士撰写的621篇期刊文章和17本教科书进行编码，以查找关键词“舒适”“舒适的”“给予安慰的”“不舒服的”“不适”和“疼痛”。内容分析揭示了12个类别，阐述了舒适在护理中的不同作用以及提供护理的舒适策略。在这八十年间，对舒适的重视程度和舒适的作用发生了变化。1900年至1929年，舒适是护理的核心关注点和道德要求；1930年至1959年，舒适被视为实现护理基本方面的一种策略；1960年至1980年，舒适成为一个次要的护理目标。尽管在最后一个时期护理的身体方面占主导地位，但情感舒适变得越来越重要。在整个时期，舒适仅对没有接受医疗治疗的患者具有重要意义。随着时间的推移，舒适作用的变化可以解释护理教育、医学、医疗技术的进步以及护理中理论框架的采用情况。
