Macdiarmid J I, Hetherington M M
Psychology Department, University of Dundee, UK.
Br J Clin Psychol. 1995 Feb;34(1):129-38. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1995.tb01445.x.
To test the hypothesis that some foods are eaten to alter mood, the relationship between mood and intake of chocolate was investigated in 40 women. Twenty self-identified chocolate 'addicts' and 20 controls rated hunger, mood, intensity of craving and amount of chocolate eaten in a diary for seven consecutive days. The 'addicts' reported a significantly greater number of eating episodes and consumed a larger amount of chocolate than controls. 'Addicts' also rated depression, guilt and craving higher and feeling content and relaxed as lower before eating than controls. However, eating chocolate resulted in increased feelings of guilt in the 'addicts' and no significant changes in feeling depressed or relaxed. On indices of disordered eating and depression, 'addicts' scored significantly higher than controls; however, eating chocolate did not improve mood. Although chocolate is a food which provides pleasure, for those who consider intake of this food to be excessive, any pleasure experienced is short lived and accompanied by feelings of guilt.
为了验证某些食物被食用是为了改变情绪这一假设，对40名女性的情绪与巧克力摄入量之间的关系进行了调查。20名自认为是巧克力“成瘾者”的女性和20名对照组女性连续七天在日记中记录饥饿感、情绪、渴望程度和巧克力食用量。“成瘾者”报告的进食次数明显多于对照组，且食用的巧克力量也更大。“成瘾者”在进食前对抑郁、内疚和渴望的评分也高于对照组，而对满足感和放松感的评分则低于对照组。然而，吃巧克力导致“成瘾者”的内疚感增加，而抑郁或放松感没有显著变化。在饮食失调和抑郁指标上，“成瘾者”的得分显著高于对照组；然而，吃巧克力并没有改善情绪。尽管巧克力是一种能带来愉悦感的食物，但对于那些认为自己摄入这种食物过量的人来说，所体验到的任何愉悦都是短暂的，且伴随着内疚感。
