Alexander K A, Appel M J
Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616.
J Wildl Dis. 1994 Oct;30(4):481-5. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-30.4.481.
A longitudinal study of canine distemper (CD) among domestic dogs on Malsai communal land to the north of the Masai Mara National Reserve in Kenya was conducted from 1989 to 1991. Prevalence of antibodies to CD was very low among domestic dogs in 1989 and 1990 (4%, n = 49; and 1%, n = 119, respectively) and no African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus; n = 16) collected simultaneously from the same area had detectable antibodies. Among 51 domestic dogs sampled in 1991, however, prevalence of CD antibodies rose significantly (P < 0.01) to 76%. Disease-related mortality rates among domestic dogs were estimated from 1990 to 1992; they rose significantly (P < 0.01) from 21% in 1990 to 50% in 1991 and then decreased significantly (P < 0.01) to 38% in 1992. The 1992 mortality rate remained significantly (P < 0.01) higher than that of 1990. Signs observed in clinically ill domestic dogs were consistent with CD and included listlessness, decreased appetite, bilateral serous to mucopurulent oculonasal discharge, and diarrhea. No carcasses could be retrieved for virus isolation and postmortem examination. Concurrent with this CD epizootic in domestic dogs, the known African wild dog packs in this region disappeared.
1989年至1991年，在肯尼亚马赛马拉国家保护区以北的马尔赛公共土地上，对家犬进行了一项犬瘟热（CD）的纵向研究。1989年和1990年，家犬中CD抗体的流行率非常低（分别为4%，n = 49；和1%，n = 119），同时从同一地区采集的16只非洲野犬（非洲野犬；n = 16）均未检测到抗体。然而，在1991年采样的51只家犬中，CD抗体的流行率显著上升（P < 0.01）至76%。估计了1990年至1992年家犬中与疾病相关的死亡率；它们从1990年的21%显著上升（P < 0.01）至1991年的50%，然后在1992年显著下降（P < 0.01）至38%。1992年的死亡率仍显著高于1990年（P < 0.01）。临床患病家犬观察到的症状与CD一致，包括无精打采、食欲下降、双侧浆液性至黏液脓性眼鼻分泌物以及腹泻。无法获取尸体进行病毒分离和尸检。在这次家犬CD流行的同时，该地区已知的非洲野犬群消失了。
