Influence of the susceptibility genes apolipoprotein E-epsilon 4 and apolipoprotein E-epsilon 2 on the rate of disease expressivity of late-onset Alzheimer's disease.

Apolipoprotein E-epsilon 4 (APOE4, gene; apoE4, protein) is a susceptibility gene or risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. The genetic relevance of APOE4 has been widely confirmed. The APOE gene is not a disease locus, with specific mutations causing Alzheimer disease. Allelic variations at the APOE locus affect the rate of disease progression. The association of specific inherited APOE alleles with age of onset distributions describes biological effects based on genotype. The inheritance of polymorphic genes with single amino acid differences between apoE4 and apoE3 (and between apoE3 and apoE2) at the protein level is associated with differences in the mean age of disease onset spanning almost two decades. The isoform-specific metabolism of apoE resulting in a faster rate of disease expression can now be studied with the expectation that genetically relevant processes are being investigated. There is now an opportunity to develop theories directed at the genetically relevant apoE metabolism that can significantly delay disease expression.