Zhao J F, Kiyohara H, Matsumoto T, Yamada H
Oriental Medicine Research Center, Kitasato Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
Phytochemistry. 1993 Oct;34(3):719-24. doi: 10.1016/0031-9422(93)85346-s.
Extremely potent complement activating (anti-complementary) polysaccharides from roots of Lithospermum euchromum were fractionated in a novel way and also assayed for mitogenic and enhancing activity of immune complex binding to macrophages in vitro. Anti-complementary activity and enhancing activity of immune complex binding were observed in the different polysaccharide fractions, but no mitogenic activity was found. The acidic polysaccharide fraction (LR-2) which had the most potent anti-complementary activity was highly heterogeneous, and on further fractionation gave active polysaccharides. Extremely potent anti-complementary polysaccharides, LR-2IId-1a, LR-2IId-1b, LR-2IId-3a and LR-2IId-5a were characterized chemically. These consisted mainly of mannose, galactose, glucose and glucuronic acid, in addition to rhamnose, fucose and arabinose as minor components. Methylation analysis showed that the four polysaccharides contained mainly (1-->3)-linked galactose, (1-->3)-linked fucose and (1-->4)-linked glucose. (1-->3)-Linked mannose was also detected in LR-2IId-1a, 1b and 5a, and (1-->4)-linked glucuronic acid in LR-2IId-1a and 1b as the major glycosidic linkages.
采用一种新方法对紫草根部极具补体激活（抗补体）活性的多糖进行了分级分离，并对其在体外对巨噬细胞的促有丝分裂活性以及增强免疫复合物结合的活性进行了测定。在不同的多糖级分中观察到了抗补体活性以及免疫复合物结合增强活性，但未发现促有丝分裂活性。具有最强抗补体活性的酸性多糖级分（LR-2）高度不均一，进一步分级分离后得到了活性多糖。对极具活性的抗补体多糖LR-2IId-1a、LR-2IId-1b、LR-2IId-3a和LR-2IId-5a进行了化学表征。这些多糖除了含有少量的鼠李糖、岩藻糖和阿拉伯糖外，主要由甘露糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖和葡萄糖醛酸组成。甲基化分析表明，这四种多糖主要含有（1→3）连接的半乳糖、（1→3）连接的岩藻糖和（1→4）连接的葡萄糖。在LR-2IId-1a、1b和5a中还检测到了（1→3）连接的甘露糖，在LR-2IId-1a和1b中（1→4）连接的葡萄糖醛酸为主要糖苷键。
